A strong neutrophil response and fever may contribute to or be a result of (immuno)pathology in TBM. Aggressive fever control might improve outcome, and more-precise characterization of CSF leukocytes could guide possible host-directed therapeutic strategies in TBM.

No abstract

Modified ZN stain does not improve diagnosis of TBM. Currently available tests are insensitive, but testing large CSF volumes improves performance. New diagnostic tests for TBM are urgently required.

CAD4TB has potential as a triage tool for TB screening in PLWD, thereby significantly reducing the need for microbiological examination.