ALICE is the heavy-ion experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The experiment continuously took data during the first physics campaign of the machine from fall 2009 until early 2013, using proton and lead-ion beams. In this paper we describe the running environment and the data handling procedures, and discuss the performance of the ALICE detectors and analysis methods for various physics observables.

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The nuclear modification factor, R AA , of the prompt charmed mesons D 0 , D + and D * + , and their antiparticles, was measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy √ s NN = 2.76 TeV in two transverse momentum intervals, 5 < p T < 8 GeV/c and 8 < p T < 16 GeV/c, and in six collision centrality classes. The R AA shows a maximum suppression of a factor of 5-6 in the 10% most central collisions. The suppression and its centrality dependence are compatible within uncertainties with those of charged pions. A comparison with the R AA of non-prompt J/ψ from B meson decays, measured by the CMS Collaboration, hints at a larger suppression of D mesons in the most central collisions.Keywords: Charm physics, Heavy Ions, Heavy-ion collision The ALICE collaboration 17 IntroductionWhen heavy nuclei collide at high energy, a state of strongly-interacting matter with high energy density is expected to form. According to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) calculations on the lattice, this state of matter, the so-called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is characterised by the deconfinement of the colour charge (see e.g. [1][2][3][4]). High-momentum partons, produced at the early stage of the nuclear collision, lose energy as they interact with the QGP constituents. This energy loss is expected to proceed via both inelastic (gluon radiation) [5,6] and elastic (collisional) processes [7][8][9]. The nuclear modification factor R AA is used to characterise parton energy loss by comparing particle production yields in nucleus-nucleus collisions to a scaled proton-proton (pp) reference, that corresponds to a superposition of independent nucleon-nucleon collisions. R AA is defined aswhere dσ pp /dp T and dN AA /dp T are the transverse momentum (p T ) differential cross section and yield in proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions, respectively. T AA is the average nuclear overlap function, estimated within the Glauber model of the nucleusnucleus collision geometry, and proportional to the average number of nucleon-nucleon (binary) collisions [10,11]. Energy loss shifts the momentum of quarks and gluons, and thus hadrons, towards lower values, leading to a suppression of hadron yields with respect to binary scaling at p T larger than few GeV/c (R AA < 1). Energy loss is expected to be smaller for quarks than for gluons because the colour charge factor of quarks is smaller than that of gluons [5,6]. In the energy regime of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), light-flavour hadrons with p T ranging from 5 to 20 GeV/c originate predominantly from gluon fragmentation (see e.g. As discussed in ref.[15], this should be the case also for charm and beauty quarks produced in gluon splitting processes, if their transverse momentum is lower than about 50 GeV/c. Therefore, the comparison of the heavy-flavour hadron R AA with that of pions allows the colour-charge dependence of parton energy loss to be tested. The softer fragmentation of gluons than that of charm quarks, and the observed increase of the charged hadr...

Two-particle angular correlations were measured in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV for pions, kaons, protons, and lambdas, for all particle/anti-particle combinations in the pair. Data for mesons exhibit an expected peak dominated by effects associated with mini-jets and are well reproduced by general purpose Monte Carlo generators. However, for baryon-baryon and anti-baryon-anti-baryon pairs, where both particles have the same baryon number, a near-side anticorrelation structure is observed instead of a peak. This effect is interpreted in the context of baryon production mechanisms in the fragmentation process. It currently presents a challenge to Monte Carlo models and its origin remains an open question.