Background: Linezolid is a synthetic oxazolidinone antimicrobial drug. It is indicated for gram-positive infections and approved for the treatment of other conditions. Myelosuppression is a condition in which bone marrow activity decreases, resulting in fewer red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Pancytopenia is not a disease but a manifestation of other underlying conditions.Methodology: A systematic review was carried out through various databases, such as PubMed, Scielo and ScienceDirect; The search and selection of articles was carried out in indexed journals in English.Results: Linezolid is used as an effective antibiotic against bacteria belonging to the gram-positive group. At high doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/day, reversible myelosuppression occurred. This antibiotic also presents other adverse reactions to take into account such as serotonin syndrome, hypoglycemia, among others. Conclusion:This review offers up-to-date and detailed information on the adverse effects and hematological effects of Linezolid in order to identify its correct use as well as its prognosis.