The causes of neonatal anemia can be: blood loss, destruction of red blood cells and lack of production. 2 a. Causes of blood loss include antenatal (fetal-fetal transfusion, fetal-maternal transfusion); 4 intrapartum (obstetric accidents, placental vascular malformations or umbilical cord vessels); postpartum (internal bleeding, excessive extractions). b. Among those caused by the destruction of red blood cells we highlight: hemolysis due to incompatibility of blood group and Rh, spherocytosis or other hemoglobinopathies, infections or toxins.