IMPORTANCE Although a few studies have shown that mental health disorders (MHDs) are strongly associated with the 5-year survival and recurrence rates in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), none have been replicated in a large-scale study.OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of MHDs in patients with HNC and the potential associations with survival and recurrence using a large insurance claims database.

Objective The main purpose of this article is to examine the prevalence, incidence, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics of mental health disorders (MHDs) among patients with skull base malignancies. Design Retrospective cohort study. Settings/Participants Six-thousand seven-hundred sixty sinonasal/skull base cancer patients in the MarketScan database between 2005 and 2014. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of MHDs pre- and post-diagnosis in patients harboring sinonasal/skull base malignancies. Results A significant increase in MHDs was noted from pre- to post-cancer diagnosis (22 vs 31%, p < 0.0001). Despite an increase in the prevalence rate, the demographic profile of patients with MHDs post-diagnosis remained similar to pre-diagnosis. Those patients harboring MHDs were, however, more likely to be women (62.7 vs 47.4%), and carry a history of smoking (40.9 vs 26.3%) than those without MHDs. These comparisons were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The prevalence of MHDs increases following a diagnosis of a sinonasal/skull base malignancy. Patients with MHDs were more likely to be women and smokers.

Substituted pyridines with diverse functional groups are important structural motifs found in numerous bioactive molecules. Several methodologies for the introduction of various bio-relevant functional groups to pyridine have been reported, but there is still a need for a single robust method allowing the selective introduction of multiple functional groups. This study reports a ring cleavage methodology reaction for the synthesis of 2-alkyl/aryl 3-electron-withdrawing groups (esters, sulfones, and phosphonates) 5-aminoaryl/phenol pyridines via the remodeling of 3-formyl (aza)indoles/benzofurans. Totally ninety-three 5-aminoaryl pyridines and thirty-three 5-phenol pyridines were synthesized showing the robustness of the developed methodology. The application of this methodology further provided a privileged pyridine scaffold containing biologically relevant molecules and direct drug/natural product conjugation with ethyl 2-methyl nicotinate.