Summary Augmented‐reality (AR) devices allow physicians to incorporate data visualization into diagnostic and treatment procedures to improve work efficiency and safety and reduce cost. They are also used to enhance surgical training. In this study, we implemented an AR application for Botox injections using a face recognition algorithm based on deep learning, and we evaluated the recognition accuracy of this application using 27 participants. The accuracy was around 3 mm for all parts of the facial region. The method of increasing surgical efficiency with AR is accurate enough to be used for surgery and provides great potential for further development.

Abstract. The bent peduncle phenomenon (BPP) is known as a kind of physiological disorders found in cut rose plants, which causes the reduction of cut flower yields. As yet unknown mechanisms, however, it has not been easy to find solutions for BPP. To address this challenge, this study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of floral morphology, growth, and endogenous phytohormone level of BPP shoots in cut rose plants (Rosa hybrida L. 'Beast'). Morphological observation confirmed the fact that BPP was accompanied by the early formation and being phyllody of a specific sepal among five sepals, which gave rise to peduncle bending in the upper part of the phyllody with fasciation. Year-round BPP frequency in 'Beast' cultivar was in the range of 5 to 20% with seasonal change, increasing rapidly with an average temperature rise in summer. Except bent peduncle, the BPP shoots appeared to grow normally in terms of speed and size of floral development in comparison with normal. However, carbohydrate distribution to the floral part in BPP shoots was significantly reduced. The level of endogenous IAA (3-Indoleacetic acid) within the floral part in BPP shoots was highly maintained during floral development, in contrast to normal shoots. GA 3 contents were not significantly different between normal and BPP shoots. This study indicates that BPP would be induced by a series of courses: abnormally early formation of a specific sepal relative to high temperature, being phyllody of the sepal with fasciation, and continuous supply of endogenous IAA by phyllody. , 1969;Moe, 1971).꽃목굽음 현상은 저온기에 많이 발생하는 블라인드와 불

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