The assembly properties of two- and three-component rod-like building blocks consisting of gold and polymer block domains have been investigated. These structures behave like mesoscopic amphiphiles and form a series of single-layer superstructures consisting of bundles, tubes, and sheets depending upon the compositional periodicity. Unlike molecular systems, the template used to initially synthesize them plays a critical role in the assembly process by prealigning them in a manner that facilitates their assembly by optimizing the correct collisional orientation upon dissolution of the template. Tubular structures with tailorable diameters can be assembled in a predictable manner on the basis of an estimate of the hybrid rod packing parameters.

We report a tip modification strategy coupled with dip-pen nanolithography for depositing proteins on a surface. This methodology offers patterning capabilities on the scale of 45 nm to many micrometers length. The biorecognition properties of nanofeatures composed of immunoglobulin-gamma (IgG) were confirmed by reacting the array with gold nanoparticles coated with anti-IgG. Furthermore, a two component nanoarray was fabricated in direct-write fashion by DPN, and the biorecognition properties of this structure were investigated by AFM without biodiagnostic labels.

Pen a nanoletter: Direct‐write dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN) has been used to generate protein nanostructures on modified silicon oxide surfaces. This technique offers control over feature size at the 50–550 nm scale. The bioactivity of the proteins remains intact and has been studied by fluorescence microscopy (see picture).

Background:The role of in tumor migration remains to be elucidated. Results: IL-20 induces cell migration via ERK1/2-mediated NF-B/MMP-9 regulation by inducing p21 WAF1 expression. Conclusion: p21WAF1 is essential for the cell migration induced by IL-20. Significance: This work provides novel insights into the molecular events of IL-20-mediated cancer cell migration indicating it is dependent on p21 WAF1 expression.

Managers are often required to integrate their own forecasts with statistical forecasts. The studies reported in this paper examine the efficacy of allowing people to adjust their own forecasts in the light of statistical forecasts that are provided to them. Three experimental studies varied the reliability of the statistical forecasts and examined the performance of people over time. Issues of the form of the feedback and the use of decision support were also examined. The results unequivocally suggest that the effectiveness of judgemental adjustment depended on the statistical model's reliability and seasonally of time series. However, people had considerable difficulty placing less weight on their own forecasts (compared to the statistical forecasts) and this behaviour became more pronounced over time. Even provision of decision support did not improve performance at the task.