Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractWe analyze two reasons for export prices to be different across markets-namely, quality differentiation and variable markups-and attempt to parse their relative importance and some of their underlying drivers. To overcome the substantial measurement issues in this task, we consider a particular industry as a special case: Chinese fine art. The simplicity of the supply side of art vis-á-vis marginal cost and the wealth of data on its quality characteristics make it possible to separately identify the markup and quality components of international relative prices for Chinese artworks. Through this lens, we trace the process of growth and internationalization of Chinese art since the year 2000. We find strong support for quality sorting into international markets at both the level of artist and artwork, as well as substantial markup differences across destinations. Using a structural model of endogenous quality choice by Feenstra and Romalis (2012), we argue that much of the international quality premium is driven by per unit distribution costs (whether physical or informational) rather than destination-specific preferences for quality.

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractWe analyze two reasons for export prices to be different across markets-namely, quality differentiation and variable markups-and attempt to parse their relative importance and some of their underlying drivers. To overcome the substantial measurement issues in this task, we consider a particular industry as a special case: Chinese fine art. The simplicity of the supply side of art vis-á-vis marginal cost and the wealth of data on its quality characteristics make it possible to separately identify the markup and quality components of international relative prices for Chinese artworks. Through this lens, we trace the process of growth and internationalization of Chinese art since the year 2000. We find strong support for quality sorting into international markets at both the level of artist and artwork, as well as substantial markup differences across destinations. Using a structural model of endogenous quality choice by Feenstra and Romalis (2012), we argue that much of the international quality premium is driven by per unit distribution costs (whether physical or informational) rather than destination-specific preferences for quality.

Multi-core and dataflow architecture recently researched on parallel computing can well satisfy the requirement of high-performance for PLC processors handling program by exploiting parallelism in the program. But the compiler translating the ladder diagram program into the instructions of the architecture has not been yet developed. For the problem, the paper presents a compiler aiming at editing a ladder diagram which is one of programming languages of PLC and then compiling it into instructions of multi-core function-level dataflow architecture. The compiler takes row doubly linked list as internal representation of a ladder diagram, and logic binary tree as intermediate representation during the process of compiling according to similarity of the binary tree to function-level dataflow graph, written in java.

This analysis details manufacturers’ choices of self-service and outsourcing service modes, and the factors which influence manufacturers’ mode selection and pricing decisions, such as customer distribution for high-end and low-end markets, customer utility evaluation and transfer costs are analyzed in the frame work of the Hotelling model. The results indicate that customer utility evaluation for manufacturers’ self-service mode should be enhanced when manufacturers select this mode. And it is important for manufacturers who choose outsourcing service mode to improve service quality considering customer personal needs, expand differentiation of outsourcing services.