Taking an environment-friendly green closed-loop supply chain as the research object, this work established a two-stage closed-loop supply chain game model. Considering the influence of the environmental protection input on the whole supply chain, there are different decisions among the participants in the supply chain, and the different choices will have impacts on the benefits of the whole supply chain when manufacturers select a closed-loop supply chain model of third-party recycling. Hence, this work compared and analyzed the impact of centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making on the returns and pricing strategies of each participant. Finally, an optimized cooperative mechanism decision model considering a cost profit sharing contract was further designed. The model is conducive to obtaining the maximum profit value in centralized decision-making and avoids the negative impact of a "double marginal effect" on supply chain income in decentralized decision-making, and finally, improves the overall coordination and profit of a green closed-loop supply chain. The numerical examples are conducted to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed models. This work provides a helpful decision support and guidance for enterprises and the government on the used products recycling decisions to better manage the green closed-loop supply chain. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5335 2 of 14Recellular's revenue in 2005 was $40 million and grew at double-digit rates. Xerox reutilizes and refurbishes the toner warehouse on its photocopying products for free, making the recovery rate reach 60%, which has indirectly expanded the market share and increased the enterprise profit.The green closed-loop supply chain achieves great work results in reducing energy usage, materials consumption, air and water pollution, and so on [6]. Because of its increasing importance, the green closed-loop supply chain has garnered substantial attention from businesses and academia. Studies on green closed-looped supply chains can be mainly classified into the following perspectives: supply chain network design [7,8], production planning and inventory management [9-11], coordination mechanism [12,13], channel management [14,15], and so on. Among them, the green closed-looped supply chain coordination mechanism is one of the most important issues, which has received great attention in both the forward and reverse flows of supply chains. For example, Swami and Shah [16] investigated the channel coordination mechanism between a single manufacturer and retailer in a green closed-loop supply chain. Qiang et al. [17] investigated the competition and coordination of a closed-loop supply chain with two suppliers, two manufacturers, and two retailers, where both new and remanufactured products are launched at the same time. Huang et al.[18] developed a coordination mechanism considering a creative quantity discount contract to cut down customer's false failure returns in a closed-loop supply chain. Although plenty of existing literat...
