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A coupled dynamical system of a vibrating plate buried in particles is established using the discrete element method, and the effect of particle material parameters on the vibration behavior of the plate is investigated. Meanwhile, a parameter identification method based on the time-domain signal is proposed and applied to obtain the additional effect of the particles on the plate. The results show that the particle parameters can significantly affect the plate behaviors, and the nonlinear jumping phenomenon observed in our previous experiment appears when the particle elastic modulus is sufficient. The negative mass effect is found in the certain frequency band, and a reasonable mechanism is presented for the emergence of the negative mass effect, and the jump phenomenon is generated by the disappearance of the stiffness effect due to the phase transition of the particles.