The Fengcheng Formation in the Hashan area of the northwestern Junggar Basin is a complex fine-grained sedimentary rock deposited in a saline-alkaline lake basin and influenced by mechanical, volcanic, chemical, and biological processes. The Fengcheng Formation, influenced by synsedimentary volcanism, has a complex mineral composition, abundant organic matter, and frequent sedimentary structure. As a result, the commonly used lithofacies classification scheme based on rock composition and grain size is difficult to characterize accurately, hampering the evaluation of the Fengcheng Formation's hydrocarbon exploration potential. Therefore, the shale lithofacies classification scheme of Fengcheng Formation was proposed. This scheme classifies the Fengcheng Formation shales into four categories and eight sub-categories based on terrigenous clasts, carbonate minerals, and volcanic clasts, as well as organic matter content and sedimentary structure. Furthermore, this scheme considers the organic and tuffaceous matter, which is essential for evaluating hydrocarbon generation properties, reservoir properties, and the brittleness of fine-grained sedimentary rocks.

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