We study the spatial correlation of a two-photon entangled state produced in a multistripe periodically poled LiTaO3 crystal by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The far-field diffraction-interference experiments reveal that the transverse modulation of domain patterns transforms the spatial mode function of the two-photon state. This result offers an approach to prepare a novel type of two-photon state with a unique spatial entanglement by using a domain-engineering technique.

Then ickel-catalyzed borylation of aryl 2pyridyl ethers via the loss of a2 -pyridyloxy group is described. This method allows a2 -pyridyloxy group to be used as ac onvertible directing group in C À H bond functionalization reactions.T he nickel catalyst can also borylatea rylmethyl 2-pyridyle thers,i n which the stereochemistry at the benzylic position is retained in the case of chiral secondary benzylic substrates.

These findings constitute the first experimental evidence that ADSCs are efficacious in improving PLT levels and reducing the related Th cytokines mediating proinflammatory response in ITP mice, which may provide a scientific basis for using ADSCs as a new therapy for ITP.

We theoretically show that continuous-variable genuine quadripartite entanglement can be generated by intracavity cascaded nonlinear optical interactions. The process consists of a parametric down-conversion, a sum-frequency generation of pump and signal and a sum-frequency generation of pump and idler. The characteristics of the quadripartite entanglement among the signal, the idler, and two sum-frequency modes are analyzed by applying a sufficient inseparability criterion for multipartite continuous-variable entanglement proposed by Van Loock and Furusawa. The threshold properties of the system are also discussed.

Although minimally invasive full-endoscopic (FE) spine surgery through the interlaminar approach has proved safe and effective for surgical treatment of lumbar disk herniation, the learning curve of the procedure has not been sufficiently established. The purpose of this study is to determine the learning curve for the FE surgery through interlaminar approach for treating the L5/S1 disk herniation. Thirty-six patients with lumbar disk herniation (L5/S1 segment) who underwent FE lumbar discectomy through the interlaminar approach between March 2011 and March 2012 were equally divided into Group A, B, and C by the study time of the surgeons. Clinical evaluation data included perioperative parameters (operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, and the amount of intraoperative bone and ligament excision), clinical curative effect index [visual analog scale (VAS) score for leg and back pain], complications, and the rate of conversion to open surgery. The operation duration, intraoperative bleeding, and the amount of bone and ligament excision were gradually and significantly reduced in the Groups A, B, and C (P < 0.01) and reflected in steep curves of proficiency suggesting that the rate of learning was fast. The VAS scores of leg and back pain were significantly improved (P < 0.01) and no symptomatic recurrence was noticed during the follow-up period (1-1.5 years). The outcomes the three groups were not significantly different. The clinical outcomes of the minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of L5/S1 segment disk herniation through the interlaminar approach were excellent suggesting of a satisfactory curative effect. The steep learning curves of perioperative parameters plotted against the number of surgeries conducted suggest that proficiency can be reached reasonably fast.