Although CD8+ T cells are critical for controlling tumors, how they are recruited and home to primary and metastatic lesions is incompletely understood. We characterized the homing receptor (HR) ligands on tumor vasculature to determine what drives their expression and their role in T cell entry. The anatomic location of B16-OVA tumors affected the expression of E-selectin, MadCAM-1, and VCAM-1, whereas the HR ligands CXCL9 and ICAM-1 were expressed on the vasculature regardless of location. VCAM-1 and CXCL9 expression was induced by IFNγ-secreting adaptive immune cells. VCAM-1 and CXCL9/10 enabled CD8+ T-cell effectors expressing α4β1 integrin and CXCR3 to enter both subcutaneous and peritoneal tumors, whereas E-selectin enabled E-selectin ligand+ effectors to enter subcutaneous tumors. However, MadCAM-1 did not mediate α4β7+ effector entry into peritoneal tumors due to an unexpected lack of luminal expression. These data establish the relative importance of certain HRs expressed on activated effectors and certain HR ligands expressed on tumor vasculature in the effective immune control of tumors.

The catastrophes of September 11, 2001 put Arlington County's emergency response system to the test. They revealed capabilities and limitations o t h d s e overlooked during previous standard emergency response assessments. There were three key issues in the response to 911 1 that are recurring in jurisdictions across the nation: 1) reliance on voice-oriented communications; 2) limited situational awareness; and 3) lack of interoperability. A concept of operations integrating current commercially available technology in a system designed for the emergency response coordinator addresses these issues. To visualize this concept, a Graphical User Interface that displays the required functionalities described in the concept of o p mtions will be presented. High-ranking emergency response personnel ffom Arlington County, Virginia have conveyed that this solution is, indeed, feasible. The next step towards implementation should include exploring peer-topeer networks in integrating the technologies described.

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This paper presents a study of the technical feasibility of applying Peer-to-Peer (PZP) technology to the domain of emergency response. The conceptual feasibility of such an endeavor is described in "Integrated Peer-to-Peer Applications for Advanced Emergency Response Systems Part I: Concept of Operations" (Bahora, et al.), which "pues that current emergency response technologies do not adequately support the dynamic nature of emergency response.

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