The stem and leaves of fresh corn plants can be used as green silage or can be converted to biofuels, and the stalk sugar content and yield directly determine the application value of fresh corn. To identify the genetic variations and candidate genes responsible for the related traits in fresh corn, the genome-wide scan and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) were performed. A total of 32 selective regions containing 172 genes were detected between sweet and waxy corns. Using the stalk sugar content and seven other agronomic traits measured in four seasons over two years, the GWAS identified ninety-two significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most importantly, seven SNPs associated with the stalk sugar content were detected across multiple environments, which could explain 13.68–17.82% of the phenotypic variation. Accessions differing in genotype for certain significant SNPs showed significant variation in the stalk sugar content and other agronomic traits, and the expression levels of six important candidate genes were significantly different between two materials with different stalk sugar content. The genetic variations and candidate genes provide valuable resources for future studies of the molecular mechanism of the stalk sugar content and establish the foundation for molecular marker-assisted breeding of fresh corn.

The primary parts of corn stalks are the leaves and the stems, which comprise the cortex and the pith. Corn has long been cultivated as an grain crops, and now it is a primary global source of sugar, ethanol, and biomass-generated energy. Even though increasing the sugar content in the stalk is an important breeding goal, progress has been modest in many breeding researchers. Accumulation is the gradual rise in quantity when new additions are made. The challenging characteristics of such sugar content in corn stalks are below the protein, bio-economy, and mechanical injury. Hence, in this research, plant water-content-enabled micro-Ribonucleic acids (PWC-miRNAs) were designed to increase the sugar content in corn stalks following an accumulation rule. High-throughput sequencing of the transcriptome, short RNAs, and coding RNAs was performed here; leaf and stem degradation from two early-maturing Corn genotypes revealed new information on miRNA-associated gene regulation in corn during the sucrose accumulation process. For sugar content in corn stalk, PWC-miRNAs were used to establish the application of the accumulation rule for data-processing monitoring throughout. Through simulation, management, and monitoring, the condition is accurately predicted, providing a new scientific and technological means to improve the efficiency of the construction of sugar content in corn stalks. The experimental analysis of PWC-miRNAs outperforms sugar content in terms of performance, accuracy, prediction ratio, and evaluation. This study aims to provide a framework for increasing the sugar content of corn stalk.

In order to reduce the harmful effects of nisulfuron on sweet corn, the physiological regulation mechanism of sweet corn detoxification was studied. In this study, a pair of sister lines of sweet corn(nicosulfuron-tolerant“HK310” and nicosulfuron-sensitive “HK320”)were used to analyze the effects of nicosulfuron stress on glyoxalase system, hormone content and key gene expression on sweet corn seedlings. The results showed that after spraying nicosulfuron, methyl glyoxal (MG) content in HK301 increased first and then decreased. As well as, the activities of glyoxalaseI (GlyI) and glyoxalaseII (GlyII), the content of non-enzymatic glutathione (GSH) and the glutathione redox state glutathione/ (glutathione + glutathione disulfide) (GSH/ (GSH + GSSG)) showed the same trend as the MG content. Besides, the contents of ababic acid (ABA), gibberelin (GA) and zeatin nucleoside (ZR) also increased first and then decreased, and auxin (IAA) content increased continuously. In HK301, all indexes after spraying nicosulfuron were significantly greater than those of control. In HK320, MG accumulation continued to increase after nicosulfuron spraying, and the activities of GlyI and GlyII and GSH content first increased and then decreased after 1d stress. The indicators above are significantly greater than the control. While the ratio of GSH/ (GSH + GSSG) showed a decreasing trend and significantly smaller than the control. Furthermore, the contents of ABA and IAA continued to increase, and the contents of GA and ZR first increased and then decreased. Compared with HK320, HK301 significantly upregulated the transcription levels of GlyI and GlyII genes in roots, stems and leaves. Comprehensive analysis showed that sweet maize seedlings with different drug resistance improved their herbicide resistance by changing glyoxalase system and regulating endogenous hormones. The results provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the response mechanism of glyoxalase system and the regulation characteristics of endogenous hormones in maize under the stress of nianysulfuron.

Corn has a high yield and is widely used. Therefore, developing corn production and accurately estimating corn biomass yield are of great significance to improving people’s lives, developing rural economy and climate issues. In this paper, a 3-layer BP neural network model is constructed by using the LM algorithm as the training algorithm of the corn biomass BP network model. From the three aspects of elevation, slope, and aspect, combined with the BP neural network model of corn biomass, the spatial distribution of corn biomass in the study area is analyzed. The results showed that the average biomass per unit area of maize increased with the increase in altitude below 1000 m. There are relatively more human activities in low altitude areas, which are more active in forestry production. The best planting altitude of corn is 0 ∼ 1000 m. When the altitude is higher than 1000 m, the corn biomass gradually decreases. In terms of slope, if the slope is lower than 15°, the biomass of maize increases with the increase in slope. If the slope is lower than 15°, the biomass of maize decreases gradually with the increase in slope. The biomass of maize on sunny slope was higher than that on shady slope.