Unconventional resources such as shale gas and tight oil are contributing more and more significantly in the energy nexus. However, porosity and permeability of these reservoirs are extremely low; therefore, stimulating technologies are required. The state-of-the-art solution for such a target is water fracturing, but its application suffers from massive water usage and related environmental issues. As a greener alternative, fracturing with CO 2 may bring multiple benefits, including effective fracturing, enhanced recovery, carbon storage, and others.

Aimed at the health monitoring and evaluation of bridges based on sensing technology, the monitoring contents of different structural types of long-span bridges were defined. Then, the definition, classification, selection principle, and installation requirements of the sensors were summarized. The concept was proposed that new adaptable long-life sensors could be developed by new theories and new effects. The principle and methods to select controlled sections and optimize the layout design of measuring points were illustrated. The functional requirements were elaborated on about the acquisition, transmission, processing, and management of sensing information. Some advanced concepts about the method of bridge safety evaluation were demonstrated and technology bottlenecks in the current safety evaluation were also put forward. Ultimately, combined with engineering practices, an application was carried out. The results showed that new, intelligent, and reliable sensor technology would be one of the main future development directions in the long-span bridge health monitoring and evaluation field. Also, it was imperative to optimize the design of the health monitoring system and realize its standardization. Moreover, it is a heavy responsibility to explore new thoughts and new concepts regarding practical bridge safety and evaluation technology.

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