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Caragana microphylla Lam., is a perennial herb in the genus Caragana in the Fabaceae family. Two undescribed triterpenoid saponins (1–2), along with thirty‐five known components (3–37) were obtained from the roots of C. microphylla Lam. These compounds were identified using physicochemical analyses and various spectroscopic methods. The anti‐neuroinflammatory activities were evaluated by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced BV‐2 microglial cells. Compared with positive control minocycline, compounds 10, 19, and 28 exhibited significant effects with IC50 values of 14.04, 19.35 and 10.20 μM, respectively.

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