Patients with a failed ileoanal pouch may be offered redo pouch surgery with a high likelihood of success in terms of function and QOL.

Preoperative exposure to biologics is associated with an increased risk of pelvic sepsis after total proctocolectomy with IPAA. This risk is mitigated by the performance of an initial subtotal colectomy.

Concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in atmospheric particles were measured in Tianjin during January, April, July and October in 2008. The 24-h PM 2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 micrometer [μm]) and PM 10 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 micrometer [μm]) samples were simultaneously collected every day during sampling periods. These samples were analyzed for OC/EC by thermal/optical reflectance (TOR) following the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) protocol. The annual average concentration was 109.8 ± 48.5 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 , and 196.2 ± 86.1 μg/m 3 in PM 10 , respectively. The average ratio of PM 2.5 /PM 10 was 57.9%, indicating the PM 2.5 had been one of the main contaminations affecting urban atmospheric environmental quality in Tianjin. The concentrations of OC and EC in PM 2.5 and PM 10 were all relatively higher in winter and fall and lower in summer and spring. This seasonal variation could be attributed to the cooperative effects of changes in emission rates and seasonal meteorological conditions. The annual average concentration of the estimated secondary organic carbon (SOC) was 14.9 μg/m 3 and occupied 61.7% of the total OC in PM 2.5 , while those in PM 10 were 23.4 μg/m 3 and 61.2%, respectively, indicating SOC had been an important contributor to organic aerosol in Tianjin. The distribution of eight carbon fractions (OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, EC1, EC2, EC3 and OP) was also reported and found that the biomass burning, coal-combustion and motor-vehicle exhaust were all contributed to the carbonaceous particles in Tianjin.

No abstract