, after initial clinical examination in relevant cases Ultrasonography, Ultrasound Biomicroscopy, Computed Tomography Scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging done accordingly, Excision biopsy attempted in possible cases otherwise incisional biopsy done, all tumors were subjected to histopathological examination. RESULT: Male preponderance with male: female ratio (1.4: 1) was found in benign tumors, whereas amongst the malignant cases females outnumbered males (1.16: 1). Predilection for Right eye (R: L 1.4: 1) and Upper lid (U: L-1.14: 1) as an overall incidence was observed amongst the tumors. Amongst the malignant tumors, Meibomian Gland Carcinoma (46.34%) and amongst benign tumors Sebaceous Cyst (25.97%) was found to be maximum. CONCLUSION: All lid tumors should be subjected to histopathological examination to discern not only the diagnosis but also the management, as malignant tumors can often present as benign tumors.

PURPOSE:To determine predisposing factors and to analyze visual outcomes after a dropped nucleus in vitreous originating during cataract surgery. Evaluation of management and outcome of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy. Evaluation of risk factors for poor visual outcomes, comparison of visual acuity following various types of IOL implantation. METHODS: 30 patients were prospectively reviewed having dropped nucleus or retained lens matter over a period of 11 months to determine the various associated factors and prognosis after pars plana vitrectomy and IOL implantation. Pre and Post-operative visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination, fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy and ultrasound was done. Risk factors, Type of IOL, type of cataract surgery, complications and final visual outcomes were analyzed. All patients underwent 21 G pars plana vitrectomy and lens fragments were removed with phacofragmentome, vitrectomy cutter or delivered through limbus. RESULTS: 30 eyes of consecutive patients were studied. There were 20(66.66%) males and 10(33.33%) females. Associated risk factors found were 2(6.66%) PEX, 1(3.33%) subluxated lens. The BCVA after 11 months of PPV was found to be >6/12 in 20(66.6%) and <6/12 in 10(33.4%). Visual Rehabilitation was done with PCIOL in 22(73.33%), ACIOL in 4(13.33%), SFIOL in 4(13.33%). Poor visual outcome following PPV was attributed to RD in 2(6.7%), CME 1(3.3%), raised IOP 9(29.9%) [8(26.6% before and 1(3.3%) After PPV]. Rise of IOP was found in 8(26.60%) before PPV and 1(3.33%) after PPV.

Introduction: The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different doses (1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg) of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in treatment of eyes with macular edema of vascular origin. Methods: Using simple random sampling among patients attending our tertiary healthcare referral centre, 60 patients fulfilling selection criteria were divided into 3 groups and were followed up for a period of 16 weeks. Following IVTA injections of different doses, patients were observed for changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT) on optical coherence tomography (OCT), intraocular pressure (IOP) and cataract occurrence/ progression in all three groups at 1 week , 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks. Results: Following IVTA injection in all three groups (1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg), mean BCVA improved from baseline but no statistically significant difference was observed in mean BCVA at different follow ups between the three groups. Mean CFT significantly improved from baseline in all three groups but no statistically significant difference was observed at different follow ups between groups. Mean IOP increased from baseline in all three groups but no statistically significant difference was observed among groups at different follow ups. Anti glaucoma treatment was required at end of 16 weeks postoperatively in 0, 1 and 3 eyes receiving 1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg IVTA respectively. Lenticular changes at the end of 16 weeks postoperatively were found in 0, 1 and 2 eyes with 1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg IVTA respectively. Conclusion: 4 mg dose of IVTA improves the functional and anatomical outcome in macular edema of vascular origin in most patients followed by 2 mg dose. 1 mg and 2 mg dose of IVTA has less incidence of steroid induced elevation of IOP and lenticular opacity development or progression. Further large scale studies are recommended to compare the effectiveness and safety of different doses of IVTA. Keywords: Triamcinolone Acetonide, Macular edema, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion

Introduction: The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different doses (1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg) of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in treatment of eyes with macular edema of vascular origin.Methods: Using simple random sampling among patients attending our tertiary healthcare referral centre, 60 patients fulfilling selection criteria were divided into 3 groups and were followed up for a period of 16 weeks. Following IVTA injections of different doses, patients were observed for changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT) on optical coherence tomography (OCT), intraocular pressure (IOP) and cataract occurrence/ progression in all three groups at 1 week , 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks. Results: Following IVTA injection in all three groups (1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg), mean BCVA improvedfrom baseline but no statistically significant difference was observed in mean BCVA at different follow ups betweenthe three groups. Mean CFT significantly improved from baseline in all threegroups but no statistically significant difference was observed at different follow ups between groups. MeanIOP increasedfrom baseline in all three groupsbut no statistically significant difference was observed among groups at different follow ups. Anti glaucoma treatment was required at end of 16 weeks postoperatively in 0, 1 and 3 eyes receiving 1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg IVTA respectively. Lenticular changes at the end of 16 weeks postoperatively were found in 0, 1 and 2 eyes with 1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg IVTA respectively.Conclusion: 4 mg dose of IVTA improves the functional and anatomical outcome in macular edema of vascular origin in most patients followed by 2 mg dose. 1 mg and 2 mg dose of IVTA has less incidence of steroid induced elevation of IOP and lenticular opacity development or progression. Further large scale studies are recommended to compare the effectiveness and safety of different doses of IVTA. Keywords: Triamcinolone Acetonide, Macular edema, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion

VMT is a condition with an abnormal adhesion of vitreous to the macula. In classic form it is separated from the retina throughout the peripheral fundus but remains adherent posteriorly. We studied the efficacy of intravitreal expansile gas injection with proper patient positioning for relieving VMT, using OCT as main modality to image response. To study the efficacy of intravitreal injection of expansile gases (SF or CF) in releasing VMT and the improvement in the visual acuity. The study was conducted in a tertiary eye care centre during the period of October’14 to ‘16. 37 eyes of 30 patients were included. Those with HVMA of &#60;750 µm had a 100% success rate, those with HVMA &#62;750 µm had a 26.66% failure rate of non-resolution. The 33 eyes (P= 0.026) which were relieved of the traction provided a significant relevance of this treatment method in case of symptomatic VMT. Eyes treated with expansile gas injection and resolution of VMT showed non-significant improvement after one week of injection (P = 0.089), but did show significant improvement after one and three months (P&#60;0.01). For patients unable to undergo long surgeries like PPV with ILM peeling, this modality of intravitreal expansile gas injection serves to relieve the traction easily and reduces any sort of visual distortion.