Few clinical predictors could enhance the ability to predict which patients with pneumonia would have MERS-CoV. However, further prospective analysis and matched case-control studies may shed light on other predictors of infection.

Infection with Cryptococcus neoformans usually occurs in immunocompromised hosts and may occur in immunocompetent patients. Of all cryptococcal infections, 10-40% of patients have no apparent immune deficiency. Disseminated disease may occur in up to 62% of HIV-seronegative patients with cryptococcosis; however, cryptococcal osteomyelitis is rare. Here, we report an immunocompetent patient with cryptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis and concomitant tuberculous lymphadenitis. The patient received 12 weeks of fluconazole and a 1-year course of anti-tuberculous agents, with complete recovery.

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The clinical presentation and outcome are insufficient to differentiate between influenza-like illness (ILI) caused by H1N1 and that cause by other pathogens. In general, both groups had mild disease in this cohort of patients in Saudi Arabia.