No abstract

Under the circumstance of COVID-19, online education has become an inevitable choice and a mainstream form of education in various countries. Intelligent Tutoring Systems ( ITSs ) are a critical category of a carrier of online education which refers to using Artificial Intelligence Technology ( AIT ) to realize distance teaching and learning through integrating multiple resources, assist teachers to implement online classes and help students learn courses online, etc. The target of this study is to examine the determinants that explain college students’ adoption of ITSs based on TRA and TAM under the era of COVID-19 in China.. This study targets college students who have used ITSs over the previous year to learn courses. In total, 590 valid samples were collected. Partial least squares ( PLS ) approach is employed to inspect the determinants of college students’ acceptance of using ITSs. The results of the analysis indicate that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, college students’ attitude and political influence significantly affect college students’ behavioral intention towards using ITSs. In addition, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and political influence also affect college students’ attitude toward using ITSs. And consisitent with previous research, perceived ease of use has a significant effects on perceived usefulness. This study enriches the TRA and TAM theories by incorporating a new variable political influence for researchers to consider in the future. In addition, it makes several suggestions for system developers to improve system functions regarding its ease of use and for content manufactures to pay attention to quality regarding usefulness. Recommendations are provided to colleges, universities and education authorities to rethink their roles in reforming online education through ITSs.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Online Tutoring Platforms (OTPs) have been applied extensively in education in China. The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants that influence college students’ behavioural intention of using OTPs to acquire knowledge. This study also explores how students’ attitude change in using OTPs five months after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic based on a hierarchical component model which is combined by the Social Impact Theory (SIT) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Partial least squares (PLS) analysis is employed to analyse the data collected from 1133 students in Mainland China. The results of the analysis indicate that social impact consists of three dimensions (compliance, identification, internalization) significantly influences college students’ attitude toward OTPs and further affects college students’ behavioural intention toward OTPs usage. Furthermore, performance expectancy and effort expectancy also positively affect students’ behavioural intention toward using OTPs to acquire knowledge. This study makes several suggestions for universities to encourage students using OTPs to cope with the situation of Covid-19 pandemic and for educators to promote online tutoring for reforming universities in the future.