The number of women diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer related to the human papillomavirus (HPV) is increasing in the United States. Educating health care providers and women about the link between HPV and oropharyngeal cancers can aid in earlier diagnosis and treatment. This article discusses the etiology and clinical presentation of HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer, noting distinctions between the 2 types. Recommendations for screening and prevention are provided.

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