We investigated the in£uence of nutritional conditions on histological changes in melano-macrophage (MM) accumulation in the kidney caused by longterm starvation. These data were used to determine nutritional indices for olive £ounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel).Experimental groups were established: control, fed and starved. All ¢sh were fed daily with commercial feed at 1^3% of their total body weight for 2 weeks before the start of the experiment (initial control). The control group received feed at 1^3% of their total body weight and the fed group received feed ad libitum, while the starved group fasted throughout the experiment. Ten ¢sh were removed from the initial control at the start of the experiment and each of the three groups every 4 weeks during the 12 weeks of the experiment to examine to investigate kidney MM accumulation.Kidney MMs with dark brown pigment were randomly distributed in the kidneys of starved ¢sh, increasing rapidly after week 4, while deposition levels remained low throughout the experiment in the control and fed groups. These results suggest that catabolic tissue breakdown is a major factor contributing to the formation of pigments within MMs. These results suggest that the degree of MMs deposition in the kidney can be used as alternative indicators to identify starvation in wild and cultured olive £ounder.

The effects of nutritional conditions on alterations in condition factor, liver-somatic index, and hepatocyte ultrastructure in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were examined. Twelve weeks of starvation significantly decreased the condition factor and the liver-somatic index in the olive flounder. Hepatocytes underwent marked ultrastructural changes in response to 12 weeks of starvation. Compared to those of the initial control and fed group, the prominent features characterizing the hepatocytes of the starved group were: reduction in cell and nucleus size; apparent loss of nucleoli; condensation of chromatin; loss of stored glycogen; reduction of endoplasmic reticulum profile; increase in the number of electron-dense bodies containing large amounts of iron; and increased mitochondrial size. Results suggest that the histological changes caused by ultrastructural alterations in the hepatocytes can be used as alternative indicators to identify starvation in cultured P. olivaceus.

우리나라의 산불발생 원인은 주로 입산자의 실화, 논·밭두 AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze land uses affecting spatial distribution patterns, and forest fire occurrence in forest fire areas using forest fire data of Chungbuk Province (1991 to 2012). For this purpose, this study examined spatial distribution patterns in forest fire areas using nearest neighbor index analysis, kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis. Land use types affecting forest fire occurrence was induced by spatial regression analysis. As the result, forest fire occurrence in Chungbuk Province was spatially autocorrelated, and formed local clustering patterns. Land uses affecting forest fire occurrence were forest area, agricultural area and bare land. Forest fire in the area affects forest fire by 40.7%. Results of this study can be used to enhance monitoring system for forest fire prevention in forest fire areas, and help take preventive measures against forest fires by land use type significantly affecting forest fire occurrence.

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