The sensitivity and specificity of IHC was 100% and 95.8%, respectively. These data supported an IHC scoring algorithm in which ALK IHC scores of 0, 1, or 3 were highly compatible with FISH results, and IHC scores of 2 were variable. Based on these findings, the IHC assay using the 5A4 antibody reliably detected non-small cell lung cancer with ALK rearrangement and may be useful as a screening method to identify these tumors.

Purpose: We investigated prognostic implications of microRNAs in extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTL). Experimental Design: We measured miRNA expression in NKTL tissues and cell lines, using real-time PCR, and analyzed its role in NKTL, using cell lines. Results: Multivariate analysis showed low miR-146a expression (P < 0.001; HR = 13.110), primary non–upper aerodigestive tract lesion (non-UAT; P = 0.008; HR = 5.376) and high International Prognostic Index (IPI; ≥3; P = 0.013; HR = 3.584) to be independent poor prognostic factors. miR-146a expression could subdivide UAT-NKTL into 2 prognostic groups, resulting in the following prognostic groups: (i) UATLow-146a, (ii) UATHigh-146a, and (iii) non-UAT. Compared with UATHigh-146a, UATLow-146a showed distinctively poor prognosis (P < 0.001; HR = 15.620), similar to the non-UAT group. In vitro, miR-146a overexpression in NKTL cell lines, SNK6 and YT, inhibited nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activity, suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and enhanced chemosensitivity. TNF receptor–associated factor 6, a target of miR-146a and a known NFκB activator, was downregulated by miR-146a in SNK6 and YT cells. Promoter methylation of miR-146a gene was observed in SNK6 and YT cells, as well as in NKTL tissues with low miR-146a expression, and miR-146a expression was induced by the conversion of methylation status with a demethylating agent in SNK6 and YT cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that miR-146a might function as a potent tumor suppressor in NKTL and be useful for patient assessment and therapeutic targeting. Clin Cancer Res; 17(14); 4761–71. ©2011 AACR.

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PD-L1 and PD-1 were expressed variably in DLBCLs by tumour cells and tumour-infiltrating immune cells and might be potential therapeutic targets using PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.

Analyses of MYC and Bcl-2 status, i.e. translocation and ICN, in the context of DLBCL phenotype might help predict prognosis and determine therapeutic strategies.