Thoracic pedicle screw fixation is a reliable method of treating spinal deformities, with an excellent deformity correction and a high margin of safety.

Posterior vertebral column resection is an effective alternative for moderate to severe deformities with limited flexibility. However, it is a technically demanding and exhausting procedure with possible risks for major complications.

PVCR is an effective alternative for severe rigid scoliosis. It is a highly technical procedure and should only be performed by an experienced surgical team.

The complication rate after posterior fusion and instrumentation for degenerative lumbar scoliosis was 68%. Abundant blood loss was a significant risk factor for early perioperative complications. The improvement of Oswestry disability index was less in patients with late complications.

Although technically demanding, the posterior closing wedge osteotomy procedure demonstrated a better surgical result with significant less mean operative time and mean blood loss (P < 0.05). It may be a better alternative than a combined anterior-posterior procedure in patients with posttraumatic kyphosis and neurologic compromise secondary to osteoporotic fracture.