Illihenin A (1), a novel sesquiterpenoid, was isolated from the roots of Illicium henryi. The structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses, ECD calculation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 represents a class of novel 5/7/6 tricyclic sesquiterpenoids featuring a rare cage-like tricyclo[6.2.2.0 1,5 ]dodecane core. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of 1 by rearrangement of allocedrane is proposed. Additionally, 1 showed potent antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B3 with an IC 50 value of 2.87 μM.

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