Introduction and importance Fistula is an abnormal tract communicating two epithelial surfaces, uterocutaneous fistula is an extremely rare. The classical presentation is cyclical bleeding from an abnormal opening in the scar of previous cesarean section. Case presentation A 28 year-old was presented 6 months after cesarean section with history of severe pain and blood discharge during menstruation from the previous transverse supra-pubic scar. The patient had history of previous 2 cesarean sections. Abdominal examination revealed a localized tenderness at site of previous operation scar with 1*1 cm opening at the central part of the scar which was discharging blood during pressure over the lower abdomen. There was no urine discharge from the scar. Vaginal examination by the speculum was normal. Clinical discussion Endometriosis was suspected and the patient received medical treatment with little improvement. Later, surgical intervention was done, the scar was excised with an abnormal fistulous tract connecting endometrial cavity at the site of the previous scar was found. Complete excision of the tract was done and the uterus was re-sutured using a slowly-absorbable suture material. The patient had no complications with regular cycles. Conclusion Uterocutaneous fistula is rare and usually follow cesarean section, suturing the uterus with non-absorbable suture material is reported in this case to be one of the underlying causes, other causes include infection, necrosis, foreign bodies, or malignancy. The fistula tract must be defined and any associated infection controlled, complete resection of the fistulous tract and suturing the uterus with absorbable suture material is required.

The amniotic sac contains a protective liquid known as amniotic fluid. Two different types of amniotic fluid changes have been identified. The first is oligohydramnios, and the second is polyhydramnios. This study aimed to examine the effect of amniotic fluid changes on pregnancy outcomes and the fetus. A cross-sectional study was conducted by simple random sampling for, Four hundred fifty women from November 1st, 2021, until February28th 2022, in Duhok hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology. The study revealed that the greatest rates of polyhydramnios were associated with gestational hypertension (22.7%) and gestational diabetes (19.3%). The most prevalent mode of delivery in all groups was cesarean section. Hypoglycemia had the greats incidence in polyhydramnios at (11.3%). There was a statistically significant association between amniotic fluid volume and baby gender, with males being more prevalent in oligohydramnios (58.7%) and polyhydramnios (57.3%) compared to normal amniotic fluid volume. Moreover, polyhydramnios had more effects on maternal and baby poor outcomes than oligohydramnios. Thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were the most common types of chronic illnesses in polyhydramnios group compared with oligohydramnios group and normal amniotic fluid group. Apgar score, birth weight, congenital anomalies, hypoglycemia, asphyxia, and respiratory distress syndrome were statistically significant with oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios and normal amniotic fluid volum

The current study represents a cross sectional study and included 350 married women with ages range between 15 to 45 years from Shekhan city to study their information, attitude and practice concerning contraceptive methods and family planning (FP). The current work revealed presence of high percentage of parity of participant married women (5 and more) which record 107(30.6%), and nearly 63 (18%) of participants were pregnant at study time. Majority of participants think that FP is useful and 162(46.3%) of the enrolled females employed one of FP methods at study time. The most common cause of non-using FP methods is one or both parents want more children. The most common methods used are male condom, IUCDs and contraceptive pills . The level of awareness was not optimal in regards to FP and contraceptive methods. Modified educational and counselling interferences among child bearing age females messages concerning FP were focused on males mainly so more short courses and seminars in various populations are recommended .