A novel fiber containing sulfhydryl, carboxyl and amino groups (sPAN) with high adsorption capacity for mercury was facilely prepared by chemically grafting cysteine onto a commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber in a one-step reaction.

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Using natural cotton fibers (CF) as a matrix, a series of novel MnO x impregnated cotton fibers (designated as Mn-X@BCF) were prepared in this study through a one-pot sono-assisted KMnO 4 reduction process with no additional reducers. The as-prepared Mn-X@BCF was covered by a uniform and dense layer of MnO x nanospheres (10-30 nm), the amount of which was significantly improved by CF pretreatment and linearly correlated with KMnO 4 concentration. Specifically, when KMnO 4 concentrations increased from 5 mmol L À1 to 100 mmol L À1 , the impregnation ratios of MnO x on BCF increased from 0.34% to 14.98% accordingly. Mn-X@BCF showed substantial removal for the typical dye MB. Under the studied conditions, MB removal equilibrium was reached within 10 minutes and solution pH showed no significant influence over a wide pH range (2-11). MB adsorption by Mn-25@BCF obeyed the pseudosecond-order kinetic model and Langmuir model well. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity (Q m ) of Mn-25@BCF was 46.3 mg g À1 , close to the cumulative adsorption capacity (Q c 45 mg g À1 ) of MB determined during the eight cycles of adsorption. It was proposed that adsorption followed by partial oxidation was the main mechanism of MB removal by Mn-X@BCF. The as-prepared Mn-25@BCF has great potential as an efficient and low-cost material for dye wastewater treatment because of its inexpensive and renewable source of raw materials, fast MB removal kinetics, wide working pH range and easy solid-liquid separation.

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