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Near field communication of HF radio is in the form of surface wave propagation. The propagation loss increases with the increase distance, but there is a certain regular. In addition to this, the communication quality relates to the background noise. In order to find the relationship between them, we obtain the relationship between effective communication distance and background noise through theoretical derivation in the 2FSK system. Simulation results show that the effective communication distance is shorter with the increase of carrier frequency and the decline of the ground conductivity. And the simulation results can play a guiding role for the estimation of the HF radio’s effective communication distance.