Shenfu coal (SFC) oxidation with RuO 4 and NaOCl were studied and compared. Most of organic matter in SFC was converted into soluble species with either of the oxidants. Benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) and alkanoic acids (AAs) are the main products from the reactions. The products from SFC oxidation with RuO 4 are rich in long-chain AAs, whereas those with NaOCl predominantly consist of chloro-substituted short-chain AAs and BPCAs. The related reaction mechanisms are discussed according to the experimental results.

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This study examines the relationship between controlling shareholders’ participation in share pledging and accounting conservatism in the Chinese stock market. Share pledging introduces risks to controlling shareholders and leads to severe information asymmetry between controlling shareholders and outside minority shareholders. This, in turn, results in competing incentives with regard to financial reporting. We find that controlling shareholders’ participation in share pledging negatively affects accounting conservatism, especially for firms located in regions with weak legal enforcement and poor investor protection. Our study shows that controlling shareholders’ share‐pledging behaviour negatively influences firms’ reporting quality, especially in areas with weak legal systems.

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Due to various factors of uncertainty within production, the key performance indicators connected to production plans are difficult to fulfil. This problem becomes especially serious as emission regulations are enforced, which discourage manufacturers from high emission output and high energy consumption. Thus, this paper proposes a feedback control method for the production scheduling problem by considering energy consumption and makespan to help manufacturers keep production implementations in pace with production plans. The proposed method works in a rolling horizon framework, which establishes planned energy consumption and makespan, and adjusts the weights of the multiple scheduling optimization objectives for the next period, based on the feedback of the actual energy consumption and makespan in previous periods. A job shop scheduling case study is provided to illustrate the proposed method. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed feedback control method.