Abstract:We screened seaweed species from Atlantic Canada for antidiabetic activity by testing extracts for a-glucosidase inhibitory effect and glucose uptake stimulatory activity. An aqueous ethanolic extract of Ascophyllum nodosum was found to be active in both assays, inhibiting rat intestinal a-glucosidase (IC 50 =7 7mg/mL) and stimulating basal glucose uptake into 3T3-L1 adipocytes during a 20-minute incubation by about 3-fold (at 400 mg/mL extract). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the A. nodosum extract showed that a-glucosidase inhibition was associated with polyphenolic components in the extract. These polyphenolics, along with other constituents appeared to be responsible for the stimulatory activity on glucose uptake. However, attempts to further concentrate this activity through fractionation techniques were unsuccessful. A crude polyphenol extract (PPE), an enriched polyphenolic fraction (PPE-F1) and a polysaccharide extract (PSE) were prepared from commercial A. nodosum powder and administered to streptozotocin-diabetic mice for up to 4-weeks by daily gavage at 200 mg/kg body mass. PPE and PPE-F1 improved fasting serum glucose level in diabetic mice; however, the effect was only statistically significant at day 14. In addition, PPE-F1 was shown to blunt the rise in blood glucose after an oral sucrose tolerance test in diabetic mice. Mice treated with PPE and PPE-F1 had decreased blood total cholesterol and glycated serum protein levels compared with untreated diabetic mice, whereas PPE also normalized the reduction in liver glycogen level that occurred in diabetic animals. All 3 A. nodosum preparations improved blood antioxidant capacity.Key words: seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, a-glucosidase, diabetes.Résumé : On a établit une recherche d'un produit anti-diabétique, parmi les algues locales de la région Atlantique du Canada, en examinant la capacité d'un effet inhibiteur de l'enzyme a-glucosidase et une stimulation de l'incorporation cellulaire du glucose. Un extrait éthanol-aqueux de Ascophyllum nodosum nous a donné une activité positive chez les deux essais, une inhibition de l'a-glucosidase provenant de l'intestin du rat (IC50 =7 7mg/mL) et puis une stimulation triple, à une concentration de 400 mg/mL, de l'incorporation du glucose dans les adipocytes 3T3-L1 durant une période de 20 minutes. L'extrait de A. nodosum aété divisé, guidé par les résultats biologiques, et a ainsi démontré la présence d'éléments polyphénoliques associé à l'inhibition de l'a-glucosidase. Ces éléments polyphénoliques ainsi que d'autres semblent être responsables de l'incorporation stimulée du glucose. Il a été impossible de raffiner cette activité lors d'une division des composants. Un extrait brut polyphénolique (PPE), un extrait enrichi polyphénolique (PPE-F1) et puis un extrait polysaccharide (PSE) furent préparés d'une poudre commerciale de A. nodosum et utilisés dans une étude utilisant des souris, rendues diabétiques par injections de streptozotocin, traitées par un gavage journalier de l'extrait 200 mg/kg du poid...
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