In this paper, we use partial differential equations combined with artificial intelligence methods to conduct an in-depth study and analysis of the curriculum system of accounting and finance professional education and training. Under the condition of high-performance advanced computers, neural network technology has been developed rapidly and started to adapt to the requirements of computational accuracy and speed in the field of PDEs. Neural networks have good self-learning as well as self-adaptive capabilities, and the use of deep neural networks to solve the numerical solution of partial differential equations has become a popular application that has emerged recently. The system provides a variety of interfaces for the output of calculation results, which can be directly or indirectly read into the calculation results by various common drawing software programs. In addition, the system can also directly plot the results using its plotting plug-in. This paper presents a case study to illustrate the overview of the practical work of the group before the application of accounting AI, i.e., the human manual model, reveals the problems faced by the accounting practice in this model and then discusses the specific application process and the effect it brings, emphasizing the superiority of accounting AI. Intra-group heterogeneity is to fully consider the learning ability, interest, personality, gender, and other factors of individual students when grouping, to ensure the differences between the members of the group. In terms of accounting personnel and accounting credit system, which are indirectly affected by AI in accounting, this paper discusses the overview before the application of AI in accounting and the impact and challenges after the application and then comes up with countermeasures for the development of accounting. Through the study of specific enterprises to elaborate the current situation of the application of accounting AI in enterprises and its impact, it exposes that the application of accounting AI has a great impact on the accounting process, accounting information quality, accounting personnel, accounting information security, and other aspects of enterprises and this paper proposes solutions in four aspects: first, machine learning for adversarial AI needs to be promoted; second, AI-related laws need to be improved; third, management accounting talent transformation needs to be realized; and fourth, the integration of artificial intelligence and accounting needs to be deepened.