Cells are cultivated on top of an organic electrochemical transistor. The activities of the cells can be monitored by characterizing the transistor because the performance of the transistor is sensitive to the surface charge and the morphology of the attached cells due to the electrostatic interaction between the cells and the active layer of the transistor.

acknowledge Electron Microscopy Laboratory in Peking University for the use of aberration corrected transmission electron microscope. J.L. and J.Z. conceived and supervised the project; J.Z., G.K. and Y.Z. grew the crystals and did SEM; B.H. carried out AFM and optic microscopy studies with assistances of E.E., J.Y., and S.X.; J.L. carried out crystallographic analysis of 7 ferroic domains; S.C. and P.G. carried out and analyzed HRTEM; Q.L. and H.W. carried out and analyzed synchrotron XRD; A.X., J.Z. and G.K. carried out and analyzed EBSD. J.L. wrote the manuscript, and all authors participated in the revision.

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