Due to the presence of solar radiation, each object emits electromagnetic waves at different temperatures. Thermal infrared imaging is to image an object through a thermal infrared CCD, which can reflect the temperature field of the object. The image information is obtained by infrared radiation intensity distribution, and the infrared light invisible to the human eye is converted into a visible image. Thermal infrared has a wide range of applications in military, industrial, automotive, medical, and other fields. This technology is still a research hotspot at present, and it has high research value for any region. This paper designs a communication device architecture for an infrared thermal imaging target recognition and tracking system and optimizes and compares different target recognition and tracking algorithms. The test results show that the device system can reduce the system software frame processing time from 120 ms to an average of 28 ms, and the processing speed is increased by about 4.3 times.