Visible-light-enabled photocatalytic carbotrifluoro-methylations of allylic alcohols and sodium triflinate were explored through 1,2-migration of an aryl group, affording an efficient method for synthesis of b-trifluoromethyl-a-substituted carbonyl compounds under mild reaction conditions. This catalyst system is well tolerant of various synthetically useful functional groups.

Mild and direct intramolecular oxidative aryltrifluoromethylations of activated alkenes have been established through visible light photocatalysis, affording a range of CF3-containing oxindoles or isoquinolinediones in the presence of an organic fluorophore-type photocatalyst 4CzIPN, oxygen and visible light irradiation under strong oxidant and transition metal free conditions. A variety of frequently encountered functional groups are well tolerated in this transformation.

Understanding the characteristics of drawing body shape is essential for optimization of drawing parameters in longwall top coal caving mining. In this study, both physical experiments and theoretical analysis are employed to investigate these characteristics and derive a theoretical equation for the drawing body shape along the working face in an inclined seam. By analyzing the initial positions of drawn marked particles, the characteristics of the drawing body shape for different seam dip angles are obtained. It is shown that the drawing body of the top coal exhibits a shape-difference and volume-symmetry characteristic, on taking a vertical line through the center of support opening as the axis of symmetry, the shapes of the drawing body on the two sides of this axis are clearly different, but their volumes are equal. By establishing theoretical models of the drawing body in the initial drawing stage and the normal drawing stage, a theoretical equation for the drawing body in an inclined seam is proposed, which can accurately describe the characteristics of the drawing body shape. The shape characteristics and volume symmetry of the drawing body are further analyzed by comparing the results of theoretical calculations and numerical simulations. It is shown that one side of the drawing body is divided into two parts by an inflection point, with the lower part being a variation development area. This variation development area increases gradually with increasing seam dip angle, resulting in an asymmetry of the drawing body shape. However, the volume symmetry coefficient fluctuates around 1 for all values of the seam dip angle variation, and the volumes of the drawing body on the two sides are more or less equal as the variation development volume is more or less equal to the cut volume. Both theoretical calculations and numerical simulations confirm that the drawing body of the top coal exhibits the shape-difference and volume-symmetry characteristic.

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