Cellobiose is the primary product of cellulose hydrolysis and is expected to be served as pathogen/damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) in evoking plant innate immunity. In the study, cellobiose was demonstrated to be a positive regulator in immune response, but devote to halt autoimmunity when lettuce was exposed to cellobiose higher than 60 mg·L –1. When infected by Botrytis cinerea, cellobiose endowed plants with enhanced pre-invasion resistance by activating high levels of β-1,3-glucanase and anti-oxidative enzyme activities at the initial stage of pathogenic infection. Meanwhile, cellobiose-activated core regulatory factors such as EDS1, PTI6, and WRKY70 as well as SA signaling played an indispensable role in modulating plant growth-defense tradeoffs. Transcriptomics data further suggested that the cellobiose-activated plant-pathogen pathways are involved in MAMPs / PAMPs-triggered immune responses (PTI). Genes encoding receptor-like kinases, redox homeostasis, phytohormone signal transduction, transcription factors, and pathogenesis-related proteins were also detected to be up- or down-regulated by cellobiose. Taken together, this study demonstrated that cellobiose serves as an elicitor can directly activate disease resistance-related cellular functions. Besides, multiple genes have been identified as potential modulators of the cellobiose-induced immune response, which could inform efforts to understand underlying molecular events.

Small organic conjugated molecule-based rare earth complex is a kind of promising light conversion material used in greenhouse film to improve crop yield. Unfortunately, achieving high luminescent performance of this...

No abstract