Two experiments with human participants are presented that differentiate renewal from other behavioral effects that can produce a response after extinction. Participants played a video game and learned to suppress their behavior when sensor stimuli predicted an attack. Contexts (A, B, & C) were provided by fictitious galaxies where the game play took place. In Experiment 1, participants who received conditioning in A, extinction in B, and testing in A showed some context specificity of conditioning during extinction and a recovery of suppression on test. Experiment 2 demonstrated recovery of extinguished responding when participants were conditioned in A, extinguished in B, and tested in C, a third, neutral context. The experiment also demonstrated that the context of extinction did not control performance by becoming inhibitory. Results are discussed in terms of mechanisms that can produce a response recovery after extinction. The experiments demonstrated a renewal effect: a response recovery that was not attributable to the contexts acting as simple conditioned stimuli and is the first work with human participants to conclusively do so.

Global and continental scale flood forecast provide coarse resolution flood forecast, but from the perspective of emergency management, flood warnings should be detailed and specific to local conditions. The desired refinement can be provided by the use of downscaling global scale models and through the use of distributed hydrologic models to produce a high-resolution flood forecast. Three major challenges associated with transforming global flood forecasting to a local scale are addressed in this work. The first is using open-source software tools to provide access to multiple data sources and lowering the barriers for users in management agencies at local level. This can be done through the Tethys Platform that enables web water resources modeling applications. The second is finding a practical solution for the computational requirements associated with running complex models and performing multiple simulations. This is done using Tethys Cluster that manages distributed and cloud computing resources as a companion to the Tethys Platform for web app development. The third challenge is discovering ways to downscale the forecasts from the global extent to the local context. Three modeling strategies have been tested to address this, including downscaling of coarse resolution global runoff models to high-resolution stream networks and routing with Routing Application for Parallel computatIon of Discharge (RAPID), the use of hierarchical Gridded Surface and Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) distributed models, and pre-computed distributed GSSHA models.(KEY TERMS: flood forecast; flood warning; web apps; emergency response; Tethys Platform.)

Arratoiekin eginiko bi esperimentutan aldibereko aurre-esposizioaren efektua baloratzen saiatu gara zapore-abertsio baldintzatuaren teknika erabiliz, zeinean zapore berdina baina kontzentrazio ezberdinak jasotzen diren. Lehenengo esperimentuan, aurre-esposizioa jarraitua eta luzea izan zen (24 ordukoa, 28 egunetan zehar); bigarren esperimentuan, aldiz, aurre-esposizioa diskretua eta motza izan zen (30 minutu goizean eta 30 arratsean, 4 egunetan zehar). Espero genuenaren kontra, bi esperimentuetan, erantzun baldintzatuaren orokortzea ez zen gutxitua gertatu aldibereko aurre-esposizio baten ondoren, bloketako aurre-esposizio batekin konparatuz. Hala ere, erantzun ezberdina erregistratu genuen estimulu baldintzatu eta frogazko estimuluarekiko bigarren esperimentuan, aldibereko aurre-esposizio baten ondoren. Emaitza hauek, estimuluen konparazio-prozesuak ikaskuntza pertzeptiboan duen zerikusiarekin eztabaidatuak izango dira. GAKO-HITZAK: Ikaskuntza pertzeptiboa · Aldibereko aurre-esposizioa · Orokortzea · Ezkutuko inhibizioa.Two experiments determined the effect of concurrent pre-exposure to two concentrations of one flavor on generalization of taste aversion in rats. Pre-exposure was continuous and long (24 h daily for 28 days) in Experiment 1 and discrete and short (30 minute morning and afternoon sessions for 4 days) in Experiment 2. In both experiments concurrent exposure failed to reduce generalization more that an equivalent pre-exposure in separate blocks. In experiemnt 2, there was a differential response between the conditioned and test stimuli after concurrent pre-exposure. Results are discussed in relation to the role of stimulus comparison processes in perceptual learning.