The development of a serious game requires perfect knowledge of the learning domain to obtain the desired results. But it is also true that this may not be enough to develop a successful serious game. First of all, the player has to feel that he is playing a game where the learning is only a consequence of the playing actions. Otherwise, the game is viewed as boring and not as a fun activity and engaging. For example, the player can catch some items in the scenario and then separate them according to its type (i.e., recycle them). Thus, the main action for player is catching the items in the scenario where the recycle action is a second action, which is viewed as a consequence of the first action. Sometimes, the game design relies on a detailed approach based on the ideas of the developers because some educational content are difficult to integrate in the games, while maintaining the fun factor in the first place. In this paper we propose a new methodology of design and development of serious games that facilitates the integration of educational contents in the games. Furthermore, we present a serious game, called “Clean World”, created using this new methodology.
In Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) an end-to-end relay path between bundles source and destination nodes may not be available. To accomplish such goal, VDTNs rely on nodes cooperation. Thus, in order to maintain the network efficiency, it is very important to ensure that all network nodes follow the protocol. This is not an easy task since nodes may diverge from the protocol due to a selfish behavior or to maintain their data or resources integrity. This paper proposes a cooperative watchdog system to detect and act against misbehavior nodes in order to reduce their impact in the overall network performance. Its operation relies on a cooperative exchange of nodes reputation along the network. By detecting selfish or misbehaving nodes, it is possible to improve the overall network performance. Conducted simulation experiments considering the VDTNSim tool and the Spray-and-Wait routing protocol shown that the cooperative watchdog proposed for VDTNs is not only effective in detecting misbehaving nodes but also contributes to improve the overall network performance by increasing the bundle delivery probability and decreasing the amount of resources waste.
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