The use of treatment through bone marrow transplantation has been very useful therapy and widely used in the fight against malignant and benign diseases. However, with appearances of some adverse reactions has unfavorable the development of such therapy. These types of reactions are related to the factor of histocompatibility between the donor and the recipient, with conditioning and type of graft that can be autologous or allogeneic. Developing complications after transplantation that may last for a long or short term. The aim of this research was to make an analysis of the reactions after autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Utilizing the literature review method, obtaining the results for autologous and allogeneic transplantation, in which it was observed that adverse reactions may manifest between heart diseases, post-transplant procedure, complications of respiratory and pulmonary airways, liver complications and infections, in addition to the lack of care for patients.