players with scapular dyskinesia present a smaller subacromial space than non-athletes was investigated. Additionally, the correlation between the size of the subacromial space and abnormalities in scapular movement during arm abduction was studied.control participants were enrolled in the study. Participation was restricted to elite-level, junior tennis players who had no current shoulder pain or history of shoulder injuries.dyskinesia by a single physician and by ultrasound, with the results analysed in a blind fashion by a single radiologist.participants presented with scapular dyskinesia. Of the 106 shoulders evaluated, 39.6% of tennis players and 10% of control participants presented with scapular dyskinesia in the clinical examination (p = 0.005). Ultrasonographic measurements demonstrated that tennis players presented statistically smaller subacromial spaces compared with control participants (p,0.001). A decrease in the subacromial space was observed in tennis players when the shoulder was raised from 0u to 60u of abduction; however, dyskinesia-afflicted athletes demonstrated a significantly greater decrease following this movement (19.3 vs 13.8 mm, p = 0.002).tennis players with scapular dyskinesia present a smaller subacromial space than control participants. Furthermore, when the shoulder was analysed dynamically, moving from neutral abduction to 60u of elevation, the tennis players with scapular dyskinesia presented a greater reduction in the subacromial space compared with unaffected athletes.Shoulder injuries are extremely common among competitive tennis players.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the orthodontic retention of maxillary skeletal stability after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE). Ninety digitized plaster casts from 30 adult patients who underwent SARPE were assessed. Thirty patients were divided equally into two groups: the No Retention Group (n = 15) and the Retention Group (n = 15) with a Transpalatal Arch [TPA]). After the end of expansion, the expander appliance was stabilized and remained in place for 4 months. The additional retention period began in the Retention Group as soon as the expander was removed and replaced by a TPA. During the same period, the No Retention Group remained without retention. The casts were created pre-operatively, at 4 months and 10 months post-expansion. The models were digitized by means of a 3D Vivid 9i laser scanner. The palatal area and volume were assessed. Both variables increased after 4 months compared with pre-operative values (p < .05). At 10 months, patients' palatal areas and volumes were stable in both groups (p > .05). In conclusion, no retention other than the expander appliance is needed after SARPE.

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