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An attempt to study the effect of prostatectomy on muscular coordination and efficiency was made by means of the so-called "rope problem." White albino rats are trained to walk across a room over a tightly stretched rope starting from a platform at one end and ending a t another platform on which food is placed a t the other end of the room. This problem or method of study is an escellen t one for t he cle\-elopment of muscles and training of their coiirdination. The animals a t first cannot cross the rope at all and slip off it repeatedly, hanging by the front legs. After fifty trials, however, they learn to coordinate their movements and eventually can run over the entire length of the rope rapidly and without swaying or slipping off. After such a prolonged trial one notices a marked improvement in the tonus and strength of the entire musculature of the animals. In the present investigation the effect of prostatectomy was studied on the coordination of muscular movements. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the one group of rats, the animals were trained on the rope until they mastered the problem perfectly. They were then prostatectomized and allowed to recover.After recovery the animals were quickly retrained and i t was found that there was no e\.ident change in the integration of muscular movements produced by the extirpation of the prostate glands. In the second set of experiments, another group of rats were prostatectomized after seven trials on the rope before they had completely mastered the problem. The animals were allowed to rest and after recovery from the operation training on the rope was again begun. I t was soon noticed that this group of rats learned to run across the rope very poorly and indeed after even a much longer period of training than the first group of rats (80 trials) in this second group of at UNIV CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO on April 12, 2015 ebm.sagepub.com Downloaded from

The rupture of the Córrego do Feijão Dam close to Brumadinho municipality is one of the recent and most devastating environmental disaster in Brazil. This study aims to report the results of metal determinations and acute toxicity assays of mining tailing samples collected 5 days after the dam rupture. Concentrations of As, Cu and Ni in site 1 (close to the dam); concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb in site 2 (Solo Sagrado) and As, Cd and Cr in the three replicates of site 3 (Mario Campos municipality) were higher than TEL reference value. The Cd concentration in of site 1, and As, Cd and Ni concentrations in of site 2 were higher than the PEL reference value, indicating effective effects of these metals to biota. Corroborating with previous studies, the Uranium contamination was detected close to Solo Sagrado. However, the evaluation of radionuclides came to the absence of relevant radioactivity. Regarding the ecotoxicological assays, survivor percentages of Daphnia similis were lower than the lab control in sites 2 and 3. Thus, results support concerns regarding environmental recovery, which can take years to occur. Monitoring of biota, abiotic and physical-chemical parameters should be performed continually.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary CNS tumor in adults. Between 65-70 years of age, treatment involves the best possible surgical removal followed by radiotherapy (RT), with or without temozolomide (TMZ). After assessing whether patients can tolerate TMZ, doubts regarding RT regimens persist in this age group. This study aimed to compare the overall survival (OS) in GBM patients aged 65-70 years, in two RT regimens with TMZ: Stupp (RT 60 Gy/30 fractions (fx)+TMZ) versus mini-Stupp (RT 40.05 Gy/15 fx+TMZ) and 2 regimens of RT without TMZ: 40 Gy/15 fx versus 25 Gy/5 fx.Methods: All GBM patients, 65-70 years, undergoing RT from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2020 were retrieved and retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1 was Stupp; group 2 was mini-Stupp; group 3 was 40,05 Gy/15 fx without TMZ; and group4 was 25 Gy/5 fx without TMZ.Results: Sixty patients were retrieved with median follow up of 12 months. In the analysis of groups 1 and 2, all variables were comparable (0.21<p<0.6). Median OS was 18 and 15 months, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p=0.13). The OS at 2 years was 26% and 21% respectively, decreasing to 13% and 0% at 3 years.Analyzing groups 3 and 4, all variables were comparable (0.06<p<0.88). OS had no difference (p=0.5) with 7 months of median OS for both groups.Conclusions: From 65-70 years, if CHT is not viable, the 25 Gy/5 fx should be the standard. When CHT is possible, mini-Stupp appears to be equivalent to Stupp.