> A life-cycle assessment of primary and secondary use of EV batteries is performed > Three scenarios of battery use in an EV are assessed, characterized by Crate > Two residential energy storage strategies are analyzed: peak shaving and load shifting > Cycling the battery at 0.4C in the EV results in 42-50% less impacts per km than at 0.8C > Benefits of extending the life of the battery strongly depend on the electricity mix
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