Based on a large material collected during the last two decades in 43 sites covering a wide range of habitats (fresh and brackish water) we delimited four ecological zones, which extend between sea level and high mountain areas located above 1000 m. The four ecological zones are: Zone 1 (Estuarine zone including pools, ponds, lagoons and wet meadows, altitude 0-10 m); Zone 2 (Potamal, alt. 10-350 m); Zone 3 (Lower basin of streams and wadis (alt. 350-1000 m); Zone 4 (Upper basin of streams, wadis, springs and peat bogs, alt. > 1000 m). An updated list of 256 species/taxa belonging to Chironomidae (Diptera) has been established which complements previous data for the chironomid fauna of Morocco. The list includes 72 (28%) new records for the fauna of Morocco, 21 (8%) undescribed species and probably 2 new genera (1 Orthocladiinae and 1 Tanytarsini). Spatial distribution of species by subfamilies is highlighted in the four ecological zones where faunal comparative results are: Buchonomyinae (1 species); Tanypodinae (21); Diamesinae (8); Orthocladiinae (143); Chironominae (82, including 40 Chironomini and 42 Tanytarsini). Currently, a total of 410 valid species are reported from Morocco. The low frequency of both listed and undescribed species in Mediterranean coastal ecosystems is linked to the limited faunal knowledge of wetland coastal areas and fragility of lowland habitats, which are regarded as true hotspots.

The description of Rheotanytarsus dactylophoreus sp. nov. is based on adult males, pharate males and pupal exuviae collected in low and middle mountain streams located in the Eastern Pyrenees and Corsica is presented. The most distinctive character in the adult male is the unusually long, fingerlike, digitus and in the pupal exuviae is the thoracic horn which is spinulate laterally (extending from swollen base into tapered apical half). The distribution of R. dactylophoreus sp. nov. indicates that this pyreneocorsican species is a Tyrrhenian faunal element which spread westwards to mountain streams of the Eastern Pyrenees perhaps during the repeated waves of migration from the Paleocene (Montian) till the late Miocene.

In the present study, chironomid larvae were sampled periodically between the years 1995-96 during the one year at eight different localities of Ergene River Basin. A total of 60 chironomid taxa (325 individuals/m 2 ) were recorded in the River and its tributaries (Ergene River Basin) during the sampling period. Also, it evaulated the larval chironomid assemblages in Meriç-Ergene River Basin which is amongst the most important wetland area in European part of Turkey. Furthermore, it determined the physicochemical properties of the water to analyse the relationships between species composition of chironomid communities and environmental parameters.Structure of sediment at each sampling station of Ergene River Basin was revealed to determine the substratum preference of the larvae. It was that found sediment nutrient enrichment strongly influenced chironomid assemblage structure. Furthermore, main results due to species diversity, density of populations, similarities for the sampling stations and the substratum types were discussed.According to Shannon index, species diversity of the Basin was found as H'=1.41 at average. Also, Spearman index has indicated that significant correlations were found between chironomid larval densities and some environmental variables such as conductivity (r=-0.708), dissolved oxygen (r=+0.810), biological oxygen demand (r=+0.822), and chemical oxygen demand (r=+0.805) for P<0.05.Keywords: chironomidae, biodiversity, substratum, Ergene River, Turkey. Ergene Nehir Havzası'ndaki (Trakya) Chironomid Larvalarının (Diptera, Chironomidae) Ekolojik Analizi ÖzetBu çalışmada, Ergene Nehir Havzası'ndaki 8 farklı lokaliteden, 1995-96 yılları arasında bir yıl boyunca periyodik olarak chironomid larvası örneklemesi yapıldı. Örnekleme periyodu boyunca, Ergene nehri ve kollarında (Ergene Nehir Havzası), toplamda 60 larval chironomid taksonu (325 birey/m 2 ) kaydedildi. Chironomid kommunitelerinin tür kompozisyonuyla çevresel parametreler arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamak amacıyla, suyun fizikokimyasal özellikleri de belirlendi. Ayrıca, Türkiye'nin Avrupa parçasındaki en önemli sulak alanları arasında bulunan Meriç-Ergene Nehir Havzası'nın larval chironomid içeriği de değerlendirildi.Ergene Nehir Havzası'ndaki örnekleme istasyonlarının her birinin sediment yapısı, larvaların substrat tercihini belirlemek amacıyla kaydedildi. Sedimentin besin zenginliğinin, chironomid topluluğunun yapısı üzerinde güçlü bir etkisi olduğu saptandı. Ayrıca, örnekleme istasyonlarının ve substrat tiplerinin benzerlikleri, tür çeşitliliği ve populasyon yoğunluğu açısından da değerlendirildi.Shannon indeksine göre, havzanın larval tür çeşitliliği ortalaması H'=1,41 olarak belirlendi. Ayrıca, Spearman indeksine göre chironomid larvalarının yoğunluğuyla, bazı çevresel değişkenler (iletkenlik (r=-0,708), çözünmüş oksijen (r=+0,810), biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı (r=+0,822), ve kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (r=+0,805) arasındaki ilişkiler istatistiksel açıdan önemli bulundu (P<0,05).

Material recently collected in Continental France has allowed me to generate a list of 83 taxa of chironomids, including 37 new records to the fauna of France. According to published data on the chironomid fauna of France 718 chironomid species are hitherto known from the French territories. The nomenclature and taxonomy of the species listed are based on the last version of the Chironomidae data in Fauna Europaea, on recent revisions of genera and other recent publications relevant to taxonomy and nomenclature.

During the summer of July to September 2020, a biodiversity survey on Chironomidae of Baishanzu Nature Reserve, China was made. In total, five Stenochironomus taxa/species were discovered, of which two belong to undescribed species and one (S. okialbus Sasa, 1990) is reported for the first time from China. The male adults of two new species are described and illustrated. Stenochironomus annulus Song & Qi sp. nov. is distinguished in having a wing with two dark spots restricted to the fork area of FCu and RM, the mid- and hind-femur each with a brown annulus, and the inferior volsella with two setae and one strong terminal spine. Stenochironomus baishanzuensis Song & Qi sp. nov. is distinguished by a combination of characters: a single dark spot on the middle part of the wing, fore legs brown to dark brown except for the basal 3/4 of femur, and the inferior volsella with four long setae and one stout terminal spine. The neighbour-joining tree based on public COI barcodes formed distinct clades with clear support for the new species. An updated key to known male adults of Stenochironomus from China is also provided.