Mediante un Modelo de Regresión Logística se analiza la participación laboral de las mujeres rurales y losfactores asociados. Se observa un aumento en la tasa de participación con reducidos niveles de desempleo,no obstante persistir brechas y precarización de las condiciones de trabajo. Mujeres con mejor preparacióny con actitudes más favorables hacia el trabajo generan ingresos, sostienen familia, desarrollan procesos deempoderamiento. Favorecen la probabilidad de estar empleada: número perceptores de ingreso y de hijos/as, ser jefa de hogar, escolaridad, edad. Son factores inhibidores: tener hijos/as menores o en edad preescolar,tener pareja y disponer de mayor ingreso no dependiente del aporte femenino.

The objective of this systematic review was doing a search of the validity of neck perimeter as a marker of adiposity in children and adolescents as well as in adults. A systematic search for articles published before June 30, 2017 was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Original studies, in Spanish or English, were searched to analyze the association between neck circumference and any other marker of adiposity. MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) categories were used in PubMed. The search criteria used were: (("neck circumference" or "neck diameter") AND ("Body Composition" [Mesh] OR "Anthropometry" [Mesh])). This search was repeated in Web of Science. We identified 494 studies, of which 47 were finally selected for this review. From the total, 66% of studies (16 in children and adolescents and 15 in adults) only specify that there is a relationship between neck circumference and body mass index or waist circumference, waist/hip circumference ratio in children and adults. We also observed that neck circumference was directly associated with adiposity markers indirectly measured by reference methods such as computed tomography (CT) or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in adults. Conversely, no studies were found in children and adolescents. In conclusion, neck circumference is associated with doubly-indirect markers of total and central fat mass in children and adolescents, while in adults it is associated with adiposity parameters measured with indirect and doubly-indirect methods. Further studies including methods that address the association between neck circumference and body composition analyzed using reference methods are required, especially in children and adolescents.

Based on the information provided by the Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN) (National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey) of 1990 and 2013, the reconfigurations of the Chilean countryside are analyzed in terms of their demographic trends and labor market restructuring. An ongoing process of depopulation and aging of the rural population is found. Agricultural activities of the rural labor market become less relevant both in terms of jobs and income, showing a strong process of deagrarianisation, salaried workers and feminization of the labor market.

CIDCIE, Universidad del Bío-Bío, ChileAbstract: Based on the information provided by the National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey for 1990 and 2013, carried out by the Ministry of Social Development, the demographic changes of the sources and breadwinners in the household as well as the impact that a set of variables on women's economic contribution to the household would have are analyzed by means of Binomial Logistic Regression Models. The importance of the economic contribution of women to the household is observed, especially when it is obtained in remunerated work in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and at female-headed households. Meanwhile, the State subsidiarity stops having woman as the only reference.

Resumen La creciente inserción femenina es uno de los hechos más relevantes del mercado laboral chileno. Por ello, en este artículo, mediante un análisis de tendencia y perfil laboral y un modelo de regresión logística, se examinan los factores asociados a la participación de la mujer en el mercado del trabajo. Además de la tradicional presencia de componentes de perfil educativo y sociofamiliares, se observa la incidencia de los componentes culturales. Mujeres más jóvenes, mejor preparadas y sin pareja registran una mayor tasa de participación. Así mismo, esta inserción laboral se facilita por cuestiones de norma social que se vinculan a perfiles actitudinales no prejuiciados hacia el trabajo remunerado y conceptualizaciones subjetivas respecto del carácter obstaculizador que tendrían los hijos.