The chains of a deformed polymer network can only be extended up to their contour length L. In this work, it is assumed that the chain vector initially undergoes an affine deformation, and then subsequently a pseudo-affi_ne rod orientation as soon as it is fully extended. The density distribution of the chain vectors Z for r < L is approximated by an affinely deforming Gaussian distribution. We calculate the proportion of fully extended chains, their orientation distribution, the Hermans' orientation factor of the segments for both the fully extended and the partially extended chains, and the strain birefringence for this phantom network model. We take into account that the lack of further extension of the fully extended chains results in an excess strain in the partially extended network chains. This leads to non-affine orientation behaviour, and relates the finite extensibility of the chains to the finite elasticity of the network.
The previously derived so called Bonart-Mulzer (BM)-equation which gives the interference effect of fully elongated A/B block copolymers depending on the length distributions of the Aand B-blocks, is specialized onto first-order Markoff chains as characterized by the transition probabilities pAA, fiB and pAB, f i A for homo-and cross-steps, respectively. The resulting interference function is illustrated by means of simple model calculations. The specialization is applicable to liquid-crystalline block copolymers in order to analyse the statistical chain character.
EinfiihrungCo-Polyester aus steifen Monomeren wie u. a. aus 4Hydroxybenzoesilure und 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoelure (Abb. 1) bilden thermotrope Fliissigkristalle. Die Schmelze erstarrt beim Abkiihlen mit hoch orientierten, sehr gut parallelisierten und voll gestreckten Ketten, wie es durch nachtrilgliches Verstrecken einer in kleinen Bereichen isotrop erstarrten Schmelze nicht zustande zu bringen ist. Im RBntgen-Faserdiagramm derartiger Proben sind trotz des statistischen Kettenbaus scharfe Reflexe beobachtbar, deren Indizierung jedoch auf Schwierigkeiten sttifit'). Ihr Verstilndnis setzt eine geeignete Erweiterung der Interferenztheorie voraus. Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht, einen Beitrag hierzu zu leisten.Voll gestreckte Copolymerketten kBnnen als statistisch gestorte eindimensionale Gitter behandelt werden. Legt man die Ekzugspunkte jeweils in die Verkniipfungsstellen der aufeinanderfolgenden monomeren Einheiten (Abb. l), so sind die Koordinationsabstilnde mit den Comonomerlilngen identisch. In statistischen Copolymeren folgen die so definierten Koordinationsabstilnde statistisch unabhilngig aufeinander*). Man erhillt eine eindimensionale, ideal parakristalline Punktfolge, deren Inter-*) WXhlt man den Schwerpunkt der monomeren Einheiten als Bezugspunkt, so ergibt sich eine Kopplung zwischen den aufeinander folgenden Koordinationsabstlnden. ,,Lange' ' und ,, kurze" monomere Einheiten geben in diesem Fall beidseitig zu iiberdurchschnittlich groBen bzw. kleinen Abstanden zum benachbarten Bezugspunkt A d d .
In order to calculate the interference effects from liquid-crystalline block copolymers, Biswas and Blackwell have presented an elegant matrix method. For the cases where an analogous, analytical approach can be made, we show that the matrix method leads to the same result as the analytical method. In addition to the conventional reciprocal lattice with reciprocal lattice points at h 2 d ( c ) , where ( c ) is the average periodicity, one has to consider three further reci-
procal lattices with reciprocal lattice points h ' 2 d c A , h"2n/cB, and h"'2x/(cA + c,). c, and c,are the lengths of the comonomer units. This method will be illustrated by model calculations for p-benzoate/biphenyl-4,4'-diylisophthalate copolyestersa). Further, interesting possibilities of the matrix method will not be treated here. a) Poly[(isophthalic acid-ult-biphenyl-4,4'-diol)-co-4-hydroxybenzoic acid].
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