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Two strains of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis T 99 and Streptomyces sp. G 43, antagonistic t o phytopathogenic soil fungi, were isolated from natural substrates. In vitro tests indicated activities against different Fusarium species including formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum, Stromatinia gladioli, Botrytis cinerea, Thanatephorus cucumeris, and other fungi. For both of the antagonists, biotechnical procedures were developed yielding culture broth for large-scale application. After dilution of these media antagonists were tested successfully in vivo by soil drenching treatments in a greenhouse carnation production facility. The application forms of the fermentation media developed were capable of suppressing wilt disease of Dianthus.

It is well accepted that 3′ untranslated regions (UTR) are an essential part of mRNA. However, little is known in detail about the contribution of different regions of 3′UTR on synthesis, stability and translatability of their mRNA. In addition to the highly conserved hexanucleotide AAUAAA, some consensus sequences for 3′‐end processing and polyadenylation have been characterized, but most of this work has been done with viral mRNA or β‐globin mRNA. We have studied the influence of the 3′UTR of the mRNA for the three chains A, B1, B2 of laminin on the expression of a reporter gene(galK). I aminin is a large glycoprotein of basement membrances and all three polypeptide chains are needed in equal amounts for a functional molecule. The three 3′UTR of the laminin mRNA differ widely with respect to length, number of polyadenylation signals and other consensus sequences. Nevertheless, all three 3′UTR reduce the expression of the reporter gene at least three‐fold, when the corresponding cDNA sequences are inserted downstream of the reporter gene instead of the 3′UTR of simian virus 40 early genes. The 3′UTR of laminin‐A mRNA contains the non‐canonical polyadenylation signal AUUAAA which seems to be responsible for the limiting amounts of laminin‐A mRNA and protein compared to those for laminin B1 and B2 [Speth and Oberbäumer (1993) Exp. Cell Res. 204, 302–310]. Mutation of the laminin‐A polyadenylation signal to the canonical form AAUAAA increases expression by a factor of 2.5.

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