The present worth of a financed project has three distinct components: the project itself, its financing, and the effect on the external funding remaining for other projects. Failure to recognize the last component results in a phenomenon known as leveraging in which the merit of a project is artificially inflated. This paper introduces the basic concepts of financing projects, and then it provides a succinct theoretical framework that allows this commonly occurring topic to be brought into the classroom, complete with examples. Basics of Financing Projects A company obtains investment capital from four primary sources: retained earnings, stock, banks, and bonds. Retained earnings are the proceeds from earlier, profitable projects. The remaining sources of funds are external to a company. Issuing stock sells ownership in a firm, and shareholders expect to participate in its profits. Bank loans are a familiar source of capital, and bonds are debt instruments sold directly to the public to obtain lower interest rates than are available from banks.

This paper explores the cultural, managerial, and human resources dimensions of implementing JIT in the United States. JIT is introduced and its origins are summarized in the next section. Then the cultural and human factors which might affect implementation strategies are discussed. This is followed by an examination of the characteristics of the changes required for American industries to consider JIT. Then specific methods for implementing JIT are developed. This is followed by a brief summary, and then a bibliography for further reading.

Coach is an interactive learning system originally designed for engineering economics, and then extended to be useful to other disciplines. It provides professors with a comparatively easy way to implement computer-based tutorials, examples, or problem solving sessions.

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