The main purpose of this study is to find the effect of budget deficit with foreign loans as source of funding on inflation and economic growth. This study focuses on transmission mechanism of budget deficit funding effects on inflation and economic growth. We use a specific simultaneous macroeconomic model which includes 17 behavioral equations and 18 identity equations with 6 blocks in this study, Two Stage Least Square (TSLS) method is employed to estimate the behavioral equations in the model. This study use Indonesia secondary economic data from 1970 to 2003. Econometric tests are performed to produce BLUE estimator. This study also use stochastic simulation with 10000 replications to simulate policy.The results show that using foreign loan to fund budget deficit increases both economic growth and inflation. This result is also supported by the simulation results which show that increase in the proceeds of new foreign loan increases reserves which in turn increase primary money/money supply/monetary base. Interaction of monetary base with money multiplier then increases price level. increase in capital in flow from increase in foreign loan increases government spending which also increases government spending increases in the government spending then add to government capital stock so that economic growth also increases.

Key word: tax ratio, tax effort, tax base, tax reform PENDAHULUANSecara ekonomi kemandirian sebuah bangsa dapat diukur dari kemandirian pembiayaan pengeluaran pemerintah yang tercermin dalam anggaran negara. Kemandirian anggaran negara dibutuhkan untuk mengantisipasi pembiayaan pembangunan yang semakin meningkat. Meningkatnya kebutuhan pembangunan salah satunya disebabkan oleh semakin bertambahnya tugas dan fungsi suatu pemerintahan untuk menyediakan barang dan jasa untuk kebutuhan publik, misalnya: kebutuhan akan pendidikan, keamanan dan pertahanan (Soetrisno; 1984). Kemandirian anggaran negara juga mempengaruhi stabilitas perekonomian nasional, jika terjadi gejolak eksternal perekonomian dunia maka relatif cepat untuk melakukan recovery perekonomian 1 . Secara politis kemandirian keuangan negara akan mengurangi tekanan-tekanan terhadap arah, tujuan, dan sasaran pembangunan nasional, sehingga tujuan kemerdekaan akan lebih cepat tercapai.Sebuah anggaran negara disebut mandiri jika semua pengeluaran pemerintah dapat dibiayai dengan kemampuan pemerintah sendiri. Salah satu kemampuan pemerintah untuk menghimpun dana masyarakat yaitu dengan melalui instrumen perpajakan. Instru-

Corruption is a phenomenon not easy to observe. Corruption theory and existing definitions are ambivalent, both in size and level. Mathematical models, and  econometrics are prone to statistical errors. Fuzzy logic facilitates more humane modeling and analysis. Fuzzy logic is not bound by strong assumptions, as a solution to solve complex problems, and not precise, including corruption analysis. The main objective of this study is to measure corruption in Indonesia. The research method used fuzzy logic by specifying the Mamdani fuzzy inference system (FIS) model. FIS Mamdani was chosen because it is more human manner. Sources of secondary data used in this research from various institutions. The results show that corruption time series data can be produced. During the research year (1995-2020), corruption that occurred in Indonesia was 36.14 percent of real GDP per capita.

The main subject of this research are to proof what issuing government bonds give impact to crowding out effect for private investment. The research design used simultaneous equation modeling, consisting of 17 behavioral equation and 18 identity equation with 6 blocks. Behavioral equation with estimated by tsls (two stage least square). This study use secondary data from Indonesian economy since 1970 until 2003. The econometric test to result BLUE estimator. The Result is issuing government bonds don't cause crowding out effect to private investment.