Traditional medicine is currently being explored and developed widely by various countries because its cost effectiveness and reduced side effects. The green betel (Piper betle Linn.) and the red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav.) are plants from the same Piper genus that are widely cultivated in Indonesia and have various phytochemical properties and pharmacological effects. The objective of this research is to determine the cytotoxicity of green leaves and red betel leaves. This research was conducted in two main stages: first, the extraction and preparation through the soxhletation method; second, a cytotoxicity test through the brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach) lethality test (BSLT). The results showed that there were lethal concentration 50 % (LC50) value in both green betel leaves ethanolic extract and red betel leaves ethanolic extract, with 44.975 μg per mL and 31.556 μg per mL, respectively. The red betel (leaves ethanolic extract has a higher cytotoxicity than green betel (leaves ethanolic extract which can be seen from the lower lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) value. The difference in cytotoxicity is due to differences in plant varieties that cause variations in phytochemical content which affects the pharmacological effects. The green betel leaves ethanolic extract and the red betel leaves ethanolic extract are cytotoxic and have potential anticancer properties.

Perbedaan tinggi badan dipengaruhi sifat sifat genetik dan perkembangannya dipengaruhifaktor lingkungannya. Penelitian ini menjelaskaninteraksi faktor genetik dan lingkungan melaluiperbandingan genetis tinggi badan kedua orangtua anak dan analisis lingkungan sosial-ekonomi,anak yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan dan daerahperkotaan.Populasi penelitian anak dan orang tua yangtinggal di daerah pedesaan meliputi DesaAdiankoting, Desa Banuarea, Desa Horisan yangterletak di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara dan anakyang tinggal di daerah perkotaan meliputiKampung Kristen dan Martoba yang terletak diKotamadya Pematang Siantar, kedua daerahpenelitian tersebut di wilayah Provinsi SumateraUtara. Sifat-sifat genetis tinggi badan ditentukanmelalui sifat heritabilitas (h^) dan polimorfismegenetis (Pg) serta pengaruh lingkungannyaditunjukkan melalui derajat (kekuatan)ekosensitivitas. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 200anak yang belajar di Sekolah Dasar (SD) berusiaantara usia 8-10 tahun dan masih memilikikedua orang tua kandung berusia < 45 tahun,100 anak dari pedesaan dan 100 anak dariperkotaan. Dari 100 anak di pedesaan, terdiri darigrup anak laki-laki 47 orang dengan orangtuanya dan 53 anak perempuan dengan orangtuanya, di daerah perkotaan 100 anak, terdiridari grup anak laki-laki 46 orang dengan orangtuanya dan 54 anak perempuan dengan orangtuanya. Tinggi badan anak dan kedua orangtuanya diukur dengan antropometer dan untukmengeleminasi perbedaan usia, jenis kelamin dandata antropmetri ditetapkan dengan Z-skor padatiap-tiap grup. Lingkungan sosial-ekonomidiperoleh melalui teknik wawancara langsung,hasilnya ditetapkan melalui besarnya derajatekosensitivitas lingkungan dari Status Sosial-Ekonomi (SSE) dari Pelayanan Kesehatan Anak(PKA), Pola Makan Anak (PMA), dan Aktifitas FisikAnak (AFA). Penelitian berlangsung selama 4bulan, dilakukan disekolah anak-anak dandengan mealukan kunjungan ke rumah-rumahorang tua anak. Data antropometri dan kuesionerdianalisis dengan menggunakan uji regressilinear, uji analisis j a l u r guna mengetahui korelasidan uji diskriminan dengan tingkat signifikansi p< 0,05.

The increasing prevalence of hypertension each year is a major problem in developing and developed countries. This research was conducted at the post of integrated service of elderly Working area public health center of Simpang Bahjambi, Simalungun Regency. The type of research is a descriptive correlation and using stratified random sampling technique the total sample is 88 respondents. Data were analyzed by using the chi-square test and multiple linear regression tests at 95% confidence. The results of this research show that there is no relationship between the habit of consuming alcoholic beverages with the incidence of hypertension. There was a significant relationship between age, gender, and family disease history. BMI, smoking, and stress with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly. From multiple linear regression tests, found that the most dominant variable correlated significantly with the incidence of hypertension for the elderly is the age factor. It is expected that the society to find information about hypertension disease for the elderly who expected the information is useful and can influence the change of elderly attitude in order to make efforts to control hypertension, besides that the elderly family also willing to make efforts of supervision on family members who suffer from hypertension.

No abstract

Anemia is one of the most common global health problems, spreadwide and it affects 56 million women in the world, and two thirds of them are in Asia. In the world, there is 34% of pregnant women with anemia where 75% are in developing countries. In Indonesia, 63.5% of pregnant women with anemia and around 62.3% are iron deficiency anemia. Based on the data found in Pancur Batu Health Center, Pancur Batu Subdistrict, Deli Serdang District, there were 314 pregnant women with anemia in 2017. The purpose of the research was to analyze the factors that influence anemia in pregnant women in Pancur Batu Health Center, Deli Serdang District in 2018. This research was observational analytic with crosectional design. The sample consisted of all anemia pregnant women who came to have a pregnancy check up while conducting the research as many as 65 people. Data were analyzed by using chi square test and multiple logistic regressions. From the results of multivariate analysis, birth distance p = 0.006 PR was obtained; 13,259; 95% CI (2,108-83,385), Fe tablet consumption p = 0,007 PR; 16,969 95% CI (2,137-134,762), folate intake p = 0,011; PR 19,219 95% CI (1,991-185,526). From the results of multivariate analysis, the most dominant variable influencing the incidence of anemia in pregnant women is folate intake p = p = 0.011; PR 19,219 95% CI (1,991-185,526) it means that pregnant women who lack folate intake estimate the risk of 19 times suffering from anemia compared to pregnant women who get good folate intake. It is recommended that puskesmas officers conduct counseling for pregnant women about consumption or the level of nutritional intake of pregnant women related to the intake of folate, protein, fat and kabohidrat. Pukesmas officers are expected to increase public knowledge through health counseling and family counseling related to age appropriate for pregnancy, regulate birth spacing and improve community health status especially pregnant women because pregnant women need more nutritional intake because it can help government programs to reduce maternal mortality.