In The Romantic Economist (2009), Richard Bronk laments that Enlightenment thinking dominated Economics during its formation as a science. As counterpoint, the ‘Romantic Movement’ had much to offer but remained peripheral. Consequently Economics embraced the centrality of rationality and other Enlightenment precepts, leading to a ‘social-physics’. Meanwhile human characteristics such; as sentiments, imagination and creativity were eschewed. While Bronk fails to identify an in-the-flesh ‘Romantic Economist’, our inquiry seeks to establish that indeed Celso Furtado qualifies. Profoundly influenced by his sensitivities and attachment to place, Furtado relies upon an organic metaphor - o sertão nordestino - for insights into complex developmental processes.

This inquiry considers the evolving appearances and applications of 'centre-periphery' in economic analysis advanced especially by the Argentine economist Raúl Prebisch. We find the origins of a 'centre-periphery' approach in The Isolated State (1826) authored by Johann Heinrich von Thünen and we acknowledge and consider those who disseminated Thünen's ideas to Argentina, where Prebisch studied and took on major responsibilities already during his 20s. While Thünen lays out distinct ways to employ a 'centre-periphery' analysis, Prebisch remains true in essential ways, but also goes beyond Thünen's original intentions, using 'centre-periphery' as a versatile and convenient tool for the analysis of different economic and financial phenomena in the 1920s to 1940s. In 1949 Prebisch was launched on the world stage at the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America where he introduced this 'centreperiphery' concept, using it to describe the asymmetric relation between Latin American economies and centres in the industrialized North. This approach was picked up and further refined into what is known as Dependency Theory that included an understanding of a symptom of regional and national inequalities known as 'underdevelopment'. Some years prior to his passing in 1986, 'centre-periphery' had evolved further, providing a methodological approach the field of 'World Systems'.

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