The lack of information on the occurrence of species in a region limits the understanding of the composition and structure of the local community and, consequently, restricts the proposition of effective measures for species conservation. In this study, we researched the reptiles in the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve (DBBR), Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. We analyzed the parameters of the local community, such as richness, composition, and abundance of species. We conducted samplings from August 2017 to January 2019, through active search. We performed the samplings in nine standard plots of 250 meters in length. All individuals located in the plots or occasionally on the trails were registered. To evaluate sample effort to characterize the reptile community, we performed an accumulation curve of species, and to update the DBBR reptile list, we used as secondary data specimens deposited in collections and previously published studies. Considering primary and secondary data, we recorded 38 species, one chelonia, 13 lizards, and 24 snakes. Our study showed a richness of 15 additional species to the previous list of reptiles, increasing by about 40% the known richness to the area. We concluded that the DBBR holds a high richness of reptile species, representing 12% of the richness of reptiles of the Atlantic Forest and with a considerable number of endemic species in this biome. This suggests that the DBBR is an important forest fragment constituting a reservoir of the biodiversity of the reptiles of the Atlantic Forest.

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The scarcity of information on anurans to many areas makes it difficult to delimit new conservation areas with higher relevance to the taxa, and therefore, knowledge of community composition and the study of ecological specialties are of fundamental importance for the conservation of the biodiversity. We studied the anuran community of Mata das Flores State Park (MFSP), located in the municipality of Castelo, Espírito Santo state, Southeastern Brazil, evaluating the richness, composition, abundance, and distribution of anurans species. We sampled the MFSP from March/2017 to January/2018, with four occasions during this time period. We performed sampling at night in six plots of 250 meters distributed along the MFSP area, three plots in flooded environments and three plots in forest environments. We sampled the anurans using the active search method, with visual and auditory sampling. During each transect, the plot was surveyed by two observers. We recorded 226 individuals from 18 species of anurans, distributed in six families. The composition and abundance of the anuran species differed between the plots located near the flooded areas and those located in forest areas of the MFSP. Our study is the first to provide data from the MFSP anuran community and our results point to a worrying scenario for the biodiversity of the area, due to the diverse anthropic impacts and presence of the exotic species Lithobates catesbeianus. The Park is an important forest fragment, being continuous to the ecological corridor Pedra Azul-Forno Grande, but it is the conservation unit that suffers the most impacts due to its proximity to urban areas. Thus, long-term studies are necessary, mainly to quantify and evaluate the effects of these impacts on local fauna.